当你知道你不再是你的时候，那才是真正的你。
1、主从复制及主主复制的实现
#主节点 [16:13:43 root@zpp-master ~]#dnf -y install mariadb-server [16:13:43 root@zpp-master ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=128 log-bin log_slave_update [16:15:34 root@zpp-master ~]#mysql MariaDB [(none)]> select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.5.13-MariaDB-log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +----------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +----------------------+-----------+ | zpp-slave-bin.000001 | 332 | | zpp-slave-bin.000002 | 332 | +----------------------+-----------+ MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to zpp@'192.168.33.%' identified by 'lucklyzpp';
从节点配置
从节点 [16:13:47 root@lcuklyzpp ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d [mysqld] server-id=129 [16:14:35 root@lcuklyzpp ~]#mysql MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.33.128', -> MASTER_USER='zpp', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='lucklyzpp', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='zpp-slave-bin.000002', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=332; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.33.128 Master_User: zpp Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: zpp-slave-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 531 Relay_Log_File: lcuklyzpp-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 758 Relay_Master_Log_File: zpp-slave-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
配置主主实现过程
主主复制的配置步骤：
(1) 各节点使用一个惟一server_id
(2) 都启动binary log和relay log
(3) 创建拥有复制权限的用户账号
(4) 定义自动增长id字段的数值范围各为奇偶
(5) 均把对方指定为主节点，并启动复制线程
范例：实现两个节点的主主复制模型
#在第一个master节点上实现 [16:47:03 root@zpp-master ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=128 log-bin auto_increment_offset=1 auto_increment_increment=2 log_slave_update MariaDB [(none)]> select version(); +---------------------+ | version() | +---------------------+ | 10.5.13-MariaDB-log | MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +------------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------------+-----------+ | zpp-master1-bin.000001 | 334 | +------------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.001 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to zpp@'192.168.33.%' identified by 'lucklyzpp'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.007 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.33.129', -> MASTER_USER='zpp', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='lucklyzpp', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='zpp-master2-bin.000001', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=472; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.032 sec MariaDB [one]> create database two; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec) MariaDB [one]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.33.129 Master_User: zpp Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: zpp-master2-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 604 Relay_Log_File: zpp-master1-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 693 Relay_Master_Log_File: zpp-master2-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | hellodb | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
第二个主节点配置
#在第二个master节点上实现 [00:25:31 root@zpp-master2 ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=129 log-bin auto_increment_offset=2 auto_increment_increment=2 [23:38:51 root@zpp-master2 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb [23:38:58 root@zpp-master2 ~]#mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +------------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------------+-----------+ | zpp-master2-bin.000001 | 604 | +------------------------+-----------+ MariaDB [(none)]> reset slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.33.128', -> MASTER_USER='zpp', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='lucklyzpp', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='zpp-master1-bin.000001', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=1154; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.030 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show savle status\G ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'savle status' at line 1 MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.33.128 Master_User: zpp Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: zpp-master1-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1154 Relay_Log_File: zpp-master2-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 561 Relay_Master_Log_File: zpp-master1-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1154 Relay_Log_Space: 876 Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | dbzpp1 | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.000 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> create database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
xtrabackup实现全量+增量+binlog恢复库
数据库全量备份，
wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.23/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [10:11:11 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [10:12:11 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]xtrabackup -uroot -pZhengpeng@1 --backup --target-dir=/backup/base [10:12:33 root@lucklyzpp7 backup]#ls base [10:59:11 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#scp -r /backup/base root@192.168.33.130:/backup [11:10:43 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#mysql mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
全量恢复
[root@Lucklyzpp ~]#systemctl stop mysqld [root@Lucklyzpp ~]#xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/base [root@Lucklyzpp ~]#rm -rf /data/mysql/ [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/base [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# service mysqld start [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# systemctl start mysqld mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
增量备份数据库
[root@Lucklyzpp ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pZhengpeng@1 --backup --target-dir=/backup/base mysql> create table student( -> id int auto_increment primary key, -> name varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into student (id , name ) values ('1','xiaopeng'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+ | id | name | +----+----------+ | 1 | xiaopeng | +----+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pZhengpeng@1 --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/backup/base mysql> insert into student (id , name ) values ('2','pengpeng'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+ | id | name | +----+----------+ | 1 | xiaopeng | | 2 | pengpeng | +----+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# xtrabackup -uroot -pZhengpeng@1 --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/backup/inc1 [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# ls /backup/ base/ inc1/ inc2/ [root@Lucklyzpp ~]# scp -r /backup/* root@'192.168.33.126':/backup/
增量恢复数据库
[11:11:38 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) [17:05:45 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#ls /backup/ base/ inc1/ inc2/ [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]##xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]##xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc1 [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]##xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc2 [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#systemctl stop mysqld [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#rm -rf /data/mysql/* [17:21:06 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/backup/base [17:16:28 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql [17:17:02 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#service mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/mysql.log'. ysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | luckly | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec