zoukankan html css js c++ java

vue07-路由 vue-router、keep-alive、tab-bar

九、路由 vue-router
十、打包js的结构图
十一、keep-alive组件
十二、自定义tab-bar
九、路由 vue-router
十、打包js的结构图
十一、keep-alive组件
十二、自定义tab-bar

九、路由 vue-router

详情

一般使用vue的插件都要用Vue.use(插件)

介绍：
- 互联的网络将信息传输到目标地址的活动
- 路由器提供两种机制：
  1. 路由：决定数据包从源到目的地的路径
  2. 将输入端的数据转送到合适的输出端
- 路由表：是一个映射表，决定了数据包的指向
后端路由--前端路由
- 后端处理url和页面的映射，jsp是后端渲染，到前端的时候页面就确认好了
- 前端处理url和页面的跳转映射

改编url不刷新页面

改location.hash='aaa';
history:
- 改history.pushState({},'','aaa');类似压栈，history.back()类似弹栈
- 改history.replaceState({},'','aaa')，不能back（）
- 改history.go(-1) = history.back(),前进或者后退
- 改history.forword()=history.go(1)

安装路由：npm install vue-router --save 因为生产也需要路由

导入：

router/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'
import HelloWorld from '@/components/HelloWorld'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'HelloWorld',
    component: HelloWorld
  }
];

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes
})

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
//只写目录默认会找  index.js
import router from './router'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
})

router-link

替换a标签

<div id="app">
    <router-link to="/home">首页</router-link>
    <!-- 相当于占位符 -->
    <router-view></router-view>
    <router-link to="/about">详情</router-link>
  </div>

常用属性

tag 、replace

<!-- tag设置替换成什么标签 -->
    <!-- replace表示禁用了返回前进按钮，是使用了history.replaceState() -->
    <router-link to="/home" tag='button' replace>首页</router-link>

配置默认的active的样式
```
.router-link-active{
  color: #f00
}
```

自定义样式：手动一个一个标签的写

<!--active-class 自定义点击后的样式 -->
    <router-link to="/home" tag='button' replace active-class="active">首页</router-link>

配置全局的active-class

export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode:'history',
  linkActiveClass:'active'
})

默认重定向

const routes = [
  {
    path:'/',
    redirect:'/home'
  },
  {
    path: '/home',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home
  },
  {
    path:'/about',
    name:'About',
    component:About
  }
];

设置router的默认方式为history

本身默认hash
history:url不会显示#号

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode:'history'
})

手动写路由跳转

router会给每个组件传$router

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <button @click="homeClick">首页</button>
    <button @click="aboutClick">详细</button>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
  methods:{
    //router会给每个组件传$router
    homeClick(){
      // this.$router.push('/home');
      this.$router.replace('/home');
    },
    aboutClick(){
      // this.$router.push('/about');
      this.$router.replace('/about');
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-top: 60px;
}
</style>

动态路由

01动态路由

需要调用$route.params来获取参数

创建一个vue组件:User.vue

<template>
  <div>
      <h2>个人信心</h2>
      <h3></h3>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name:'User',
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

配置路由:index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import User from '../components/User.vue'

//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path:'/user',
    component:User
  }
];

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode:'history',
  linkActiveClass:'active'
})

加入路由到目标组件:Vue.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-link to="/user" replace>用户</router-link>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
}
</script>

<style>
.active{
  color: rgb(209, 15, 25)
}
</style>

导入组件到入口 : main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
//只写目录默认会找  index.js
import router from './router'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  router,
  render: h => h(App)
})

设置动态路由:index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import User from '../components/User.vue'

//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path:'/user/:userName',
    component:User
  }
];

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode:'history',
  linkActiveClass:'active'
})

配置页面的url: Vue.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-link v-bind:to="'/user/'+userName" replace>用户</router-link>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
      return {
          userName:'xiaoming'
      }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
.active{
  color: rgb(209, 15, 25)
}
</style>

获取动态路由中的参数:User.vue

$route是当前活跃的路由

<template>
  <div>
      <h2>个人信心</h2>
      <h3>{{userName}}</h3>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name:'User',
    computed:{
        userName(){
            return this.$route.params.userName;
        }
    }
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

02传参

路由配置中props 被设置为 true，route.params 将会被设置为组件属性。

路由方式

编程式路由

// 字符串
router.push('home')

// 对象
router.push({ path: 'home' })

// 命名的路由
router.push({ name: 'user', params: { userId: '123' }})

// 带查询参数，变成 /register?plan=private
router.push({ path: 'register', query: { plan: 'private' }})

注意： path和params 不共存params会被忽略，path和query 可以。name和params也可以

const userId = '123'

//命名路由
router.push({ name: 'user', params: { userId }}) // -> /user/123
router.push({ path: `/user/${userId}` }) // -> /user/123

// 这里的 params 不生效
router.push({ path: '/user', params: { userId }}) // -> /user

同样的规则也适用于 router-link 组件的 to 属性

route 、router 、$router 、$route

$router：路由组件对象配置的路由对象
$route：当前活跃路由

匹配优先级

有时候，同一个路径可以匹配多个路由，此时，匹配的优先级就按照路由的定义顺序：谁先定义的，谁的优先级就最高。

懒加载

如果把所有的js都打包到app中，js将会很大，访问的时候会有等待时间，所以把不同的路由对应的组件分割成不同的代码块，然后当路由被访问的时候加载对应的资源，就更加高效了

import Vue from 'vue'

//替换成懒加载
// import Home from '../components/Home.vue'
// import About from '../components/About.vue'
// import User from '../components/User.vue'

//懒加载：
const Home = ()=>import('../components/Home.vue')
const About = ()=>import('../components/About.vue')
const User = ()=>import('../components/User.vue')


//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path:'/',
    redirect:'/home'
  },
  {
    path: '/home',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home
  },
  {
    path:'/about',
    name:'About',
    component:About
  },
  {
    path:'/user/:userName',
    component:User
  }
];

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode:'history',
  linkActiveClass:'active'
})

子路由

index.js

import Vue from 'vue'

//替换成懒加载
// import Home from '../components/Home.vue'
// import About from '../components/About.vue'
// import User from '../components/User.vue'

//懒加载：
const Home = () => import('../components/Home.vue')
const About = () => import('../components/About.vue')
const User = () => import('../components/User.vue')
const HomeChild = () => import ('../components/HomeChild.vue')


//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    redirect: '/home'
  },
  {
    path: '/home',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home,
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        // redirect:'child'
      },
      {
        //这里不能同/开头，会自动加上
        path: 'child',
        name: 'HomeChild',
        component: HomeChild
      }]
  },
  {
    path: '/about',
    name: 'About',
    component: About
  },
  {
    path: '/user/:userName',
    component: User
  }
];

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default new Router({
  routes,
  mode: 'history',
  linkActiveClass: 'active'
})

Home.vue

<template>
  <div>
      <h2>首页11</h2>
      <router-link to="/home/child">child</router-link>
      <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    name:'Home'
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

传参到另一个组件

profile.vue

<template>
  <div><span>个人档案</span>
    <span>{{$route.query}}</span><br>
    <span>query.name: {{$route.query.name}}</span>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name: "Profile"
  }
</script>

<style scoped>

</style>

配置路由：index.js

const Profile = () => import('../components/Profile') 

{
    path: '/profile',
    component: Profile
  }

显示位置的路由传参

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-link to="/home" tag='button' replace >首页</router-link>
    <router-link to="/about" replace>详情</router-link>
    <router-link :to="'/user/'+userName" replace>用户</router-link>
    <router-link :to="{path:'/profile',query:{name:'lisa',age:18},fragment:'4d5as46s'}" replace>档案</router-link>

    <!-- <button @click="homeClick">首页</button>
    <button @click="aboutClick">详细</button> -->
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

为什么这样传参：

符合url的规范：

所以可以用query对象传参

导航守卫

注意导航守卫并没有应用在跳转（redirect）路由上，而仅仅应用在其目标上。为redirect的路由添加一个 beforeEach 或 beforeLeave 守卫并不会有任何效果

全局守卫

所有的路由都会被过滤，也可以在特定的组件内创建局部守卫

主要监听页面的跳转
from从哪个组件来的
to去跳转到哪个组件

next()

next(false)中断路由
next（path）跳转到哪个页面，可用来做一些条件判断的跳转，比如login
其他的用的时候查官网

import Vue from 'vue'

//替换成懒加载
// import Home from '../components/Home.vue'
// import About from '../components/About.vue'
// import User from '../components/User.vue'

//懒加载：
const Home = () => import('../components/Home.vue')
const About = () => import('../components/About.vue')
const User = () => import('../components/User.vue')
const HomeChild = () => import('../components/HomeChild.vue')
const Profile = () => import('../components/Profile')


//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    redirect: '/home'
  },
  {
    path: '/home',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home,
    meta: {
      title: '首页'
    },
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        // redirect:'child'
      },
      {
        //这里不能同/开头，会自动加上
        path: 'child',
        name: 'HomeChild',
        component: HomeChild,
      }]
  },
  {
    path: '/about',
    name: 'About',
    component: About,
    meta: {
      title: '详情'
    },
  },
  {
    path: '/user/:userName',
    component: User,
    meta: {
      title: '用户'
    },
  },
  {
    path: '/profile',
    component: Profile,
    meta: {
      title: '档案'
    },
  }
];
const router = new Router({
  routes,
  mode: 'history',
  linkActiveClass: 'active'
})

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  next()
  //匹配path中的meta对象的title
  document.title = to.matched[0].meta.title
  console.log(to);
  // console.log(from);
  // console.log("next: "+next);
})

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default router

独享守卫

import Vue from 'vue'

//懒加载：
const Home = () => import('../components/Home.vue')

//1. 导入插件
import Router from 'vue-router'

//2. 使用插件
Vue.use(Router)

//3. 创建路由配置
const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    redirect: '/home'
  },
  {
    path: '/home',
    name: 'Home',
    component: Home,
    meta: {
      title: '首页'
    },
    children: [
      {
        path: '',
        // redirect:'child'
      },
      {
        //这里不能同/开头，会自动加上
        path: 'child',
        name: 'HomeChild',
        component: HomeChild,
        beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
          console.log("独享守卫");
            next()
        }
      }]
  }
];
const router = new Router({
  routes,
  mode: 'history',
  linkActiveClass: 'active'
})

//4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
export default router

前置钩子和后置钩子

  import Vue from 'vue'
  
  //懒加载：
  const Home = () => import('../components/Home.vue')
  
  //1. 导入插件
  import Router from 'vue-router'
  
  //2. 使用插件
  Vue.use(Router)
  
  //3. 创建路由配置
  const routes = [
    {
      path: '/',
      redirect: '/home'
    },
    {
      path: '/home',
      name: 'Home',
      component: Home,
      meta: {
        title: '首页'
      }
    },
    
  ];
  const router = new Router({
    routes,
    mode: 'history',
    linkActiveClass: 'active'
  })
  
  //前置钩子 hook,像filter一样
  router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
    next()
    //匹配path中的meta对象的title
    document.title = to.matched[0].meta.title
    console.log(to);
  })
  
  //后置钩子
  router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
    console.log("在跳转之后调用");
  })
  
  //4. 传入路由配置，导出路由对象
  export default router

十、打包js的结构图

app*.js所有的业务代码
mainifest*.js代码转换的依赖的底层支持
vendor*.js第三方插件
.map文件：项目打包后，代码都是经过压缩加密的，如果运行时报错，输出的错误信息无法准确得知是哪里的代码报错。有了map就可以像未加密的代码一样，准确的输出是哪一行哪一列有错，可以设置：config/index.js productionSourceMap:false

十一、keep-alive组件

是vue的一个组件：保证一些组件进入缓存不用你每次请求解析资源，提高效率,在显示的地方配置

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-link to="/home" tag="button" replace>首页</router-link>
    <router-link to="/about" replace>详情</router-link>
    <router-link :to="'/user/'+userName" replace>用户</router-link>
    <router-link :to="{path:'/profile',query:{name:'lisa',age:18},fragment:'4d5as46s'}" replace>档案</router-link>
    <button @click="toProfile">档案2</button>
    <!-- <button @click="homeClick">首页</button>
    <button @click="aboutClick">详细</button>-->
    <!-- <router-view></router-view> -->

    <!-- 保存到缓存中 -->
    <keep-alive>
      <router-view></router-view>
    </keep-alive>
  </div>
</template>

keep-alive的组件才可以使用activated()、deactivated()

<template>
  <div>
    <h2>首页11</h2>
    <router-link :to="{path:'/home/child',query:{content:'child1'}}">child</router-link>
    <router-link :to="toChild2">child2</router-link>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "Home",
  data() {
    return {
      toChild2: {
        path: "/home/child2",
        query: {
          content: "child2"
        }
      },
      path: "/home/child",
      query:{
        childContent:'child1'
      }
    };
  },
  methods: {},
  created() {
    console.log("Home组件被创建成功");
  },
  mounted() {
    console.log("组件被挂载成功");
  },
  updated() {
    console.log("组件中发生改变时");
  },
  destroyed() {
    console.log("home destroyed");
  },
  activated() {
    console.log("home 激活");
    this.$router.push(this.path)
  },
  deactivated() {
    console.log("home 离开");
  },
  beforeRouteLeave(to, from, next) {
    console.log('before leave home');
    this.path = this.$route.path;
    console.log(this.path);
    next();
  }
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

keep-alive 的exclude、include属性

exclude=“componentName，componentName...”,被排除在缓存之外，不能加空格

<keep-alive exclude="Profile">
      <router-view></router-view>
    </keep-alive>

export default {
  name: "Profile",
  created() {
    console.log("profile created");
  },
  destroyed() {
    console.log("profile destroyed");
  }
};

十二、自定义tab-bar

/*style中引用要用@import */

准备好tabbar.vue，调好样式，预留出来一个插槽，用来放具体的tabbar的item

<template>
  <div id="tab-bar">
    <slot></slot>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

  export default {
    name: "TabBar",
  }
</script>

<style scoped>

  #tab-bar {
    display: flex;
    background-color: #fdfdff;

    /*显示在最下面和屏幕等宽*/
    position: fixed;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;

    /*阴影  fgba(最后是0.1表示透明度)*/
    box-shadow: 0 -1px 1px rgba(100, 100, 100, .1);
  }

</style>

封装tab-bar-item

<template>
  <div class="tab-bar-item" @click="itemClick">
    <div v-if="!isActive">
      <slot name="item-icon"></slot>
    </div>
    <div v-else>
      <slot name="item-icon-active"></slot>
    </div>
    <div :class="{active:isActive}">
      <slot name="item-text"></slot>
    </div>

  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name: "TabBarItem",
    props:{
      path:{
        type:String
      }
    },
    data() {
      return {
        // isActive: true
      }
    },
    computed:{
      isActive(){
        return this.$route.path.indexOf(this.path) !== -1
      }
    },
    methods:{
      itemClick(e){
        this.$router.replace(this.path)
      }
    }
  }
</script>

<style scoped>

  .tab-bar-item {
    flex: 1;
    text-align: center;
    /*一般移动端的tabbar都是49px*/
    height: 49px;
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .tab-bar-item img {
     24px;
    height: 24px;
    margin-top: 3px;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
    /*可以去掉图片下面的三个像素*/
    vertical-align: bottom;
  }

  .active {
    color: red;
  }
</style>

注册到app.vue中

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <router-view></router-view>
    <tab-bar>
      <tab-bar-item path="/home">
        <img slot="item-icon" src="./assets/images/tabbar/home.png" alt="首页">
        <img slot="item-icon-active" src="./assets/images/tabbar/home_active.png" alt="">
        <div slot="item-text">首页</div>
      </tab-bar-item>
      <tab-bar-item path="/category">
        <img slot="item-icon" src="./assets/images/tabbar/category.png" alt="">
        <img slot="item-icon-active" src="./assets/images/tabbar/category_active.png" alt="">
        <div slot="item-text">分类</div>
      </tab-bar-item>
      <tab-bar-item path="/cart">
        <img slot="item-icon" src="./assets/images/tabbar/cart.png" alt="">
        <img slot="item-icon-active" src="./assets/images/tabbar/cart_active.png" alt="">
        <div slot="item-text">购物车</div>
      </tab-bar-item>
      <tab-bar-item path="/profile">
        <img slot="item-icon" src="./assets/images/tabbar/profile.png" alt="">
        <img slot="item-icon-active" src="./assets/images/tabbar/profile_active.png" alt="">
        <div slot="item-text">我的</div>
      </tab-bar-item>
    </tab-bar>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import TabBar from "./components/tabbar/TabBar";
  import TabBarItem from "./components/tabbar/TabBarItem";

  export default {
    name: 'App',
    components: {
      TabBar,
      TabBarItem
    }
  }
</script>

<style>
  /*style中引用要用@*/
  @import "./assets/css/base.css";
</style>

可以优化class，颜色直接写死不合适

还可以从父组件传过来，然后绑定style来设置------------恢复内容开始------------

九、路由 vue-router
十、打包js的结构图
十一、keep-alive组件
十二、自定义tab-bar
九、路由 vue-router
十、打包js的结构图
十一、keep-alive组件
十二、自定义tab-bar