MySQL 按指定字段自定义列表排序

问题描述

大家都知道, MySQL 中按某字段升序排列的 SQL 为 (以 id 为例, 下同):

SELECT * FROM `MyTable` 
WHERE `id` IN (1, 7, 3, 5) 
ORDER BY `id` ASC

降序排列的 SQL 为:

SELECT * FROM `MyTable` 
WHERE `id` IN (1, 7, 3, 5) 
ORDER BY `id` DESC

有时以上排序并不能满足我们的需求. 例如, 我们想要按 id 以 5, 3, 7, 1 的顺序排列, 该如何实现. 这也是很多国内外同行经常遇到的问题之一.

下面我们给出按表中某字段, 以我们想要的列表方式排序的解决方案.

解决方案

用"按字段排序" (ORDER BY FIELD).

语法

ORDER BY FIELD(`id`, 5, 3, 7, 1)

要注意的是, FIELD 后面是没有空格的.

因此, 完整的 SQL 为:

SELECT * FROM `MyTable` 
WHERE `id` IN (1, 7, 3, 5) 
ORDER BY FIELD(`id`, 5, 3, 7, 1)

常见应用

SELECT * FROM `MyTable` 
WHERE `name` IN ('张三', '李四', '王五', '孙六') 
ORDER BY FIELD(`name`, '李四', '孙六', '张三', '王五')



举例

SELECT F01,F02,F03,F04,F05,F06,F07,F08,F09,F10,F11,F12,F13,F14,F15,F16,
CASE F12
WHEN 'DSH' THEN 'A'
WHEN 'DFB' THEN 'B'
WHEN 'YFB' THEN 'C'
WHEN 'TZZ' THEN 'D'
WHEN 'MJWC' THEN 'E'
WHEN 'SYZ' THEN 'F'
WHEN 'TCZ' THEN 'G'
WHEN 'YTC' THEN 'H'
WHEN 'YZF' THEN 'I'
ELSE F12
END AS F17
FROM S62.T6295
ORDER BY F17, F09 DESC

SELECT F01,F02,F03,F04,F05,F06,F07,F08,F09,F10,F11,F12,F13,F14,F15,F16
FROM S62.T6295
ORDER BY FIELD('DSH', 'DFB', 'YFB', 'TZZ', 'MJWC', 'SYZ', 'TCZ', 'YTC', 'YZF'),F09 DESC;

参考资料

Handy MySQL - ORDER BY FIELD

Sort results by order in list