https://community.oracle.com/docs/DOC-1007327
本文主要包括以下内容：
1. 配置dg broker，需要完成以下几个工作：
- 在主备库配置静态监听注册，注册的服务名为db_unique_name_DGMGRL；
- 在主备库修改tnsnames.ora文件，配置别名；
- 主备库都开启dg_broker_start参数；
- 在主库注册broker；
- 在主库添加备库的broker并开启。
2. Data Guard switchover；
3. Data Guard failover；
4. Snapshot Standby。
环境：
主库：ora12c 数据库：db12g db_unique_name：db12g
备库：ora12c-dg 数据库：db12g db_unique_name：db12g_s
配置dg broker：
1. 主库配置静态监听：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db12g_dgmgrl) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = db12g) ) )
重新加载监听：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ lsnrctl reload LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-MAY-2017 19:42:33 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully
查看监听
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-MAY-2017 20:27:43 Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 23-MAY-2017 10:12:47 Uptime 0 days 10 hr. 14 min. 56 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora12c/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/db12g/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "4d852a2714024610e0537838a8c07c53" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12gXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_CFG" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_DGB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db12g_dgmgrl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb01" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
2. 配置备库静态：
[oracle@ora12c-dg admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db12g_s_dgmgrl) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = db12g) ) )
重建加载，与主库相同
3. 配置主库tnsnames.ora：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER_DB12G = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521)) DB12G = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = db12g) ) ) DB12G_S = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = db12g) ) )
4. 备库配置tnsnames.ora：
[oracle@ora12c-dg admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER_DB12G = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521)) DB12G = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = db12g) ) ) DB12G_S = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c-dg)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = db12g) ) )
5. 在主备库同时开启dg_broker_start参数：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue May 23 15:35:20 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true scope=both; System altered.
6. 在主节点，创建配置及注册broker：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 15:37:02 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> create configuration my_dg_config as primary database is db12g connect identifier is db12g; Configuration "my_dg_config" created with primary database "db12g"
DGMGRL>
7. 在配置中添加备库：
DGMGRL> add database db12g_s as connect identifier is db12g_s maintained as physical; Database "db12g_s" added
DGMGRL>
8. enable 配置：
DGMGRL> enable configuration Enabled. DGMGRL>
9. 通过broker查看配置情况及数据库情况：
DGMGRL> show configuration Configuration - my_dg_config Protection Mode: MaxPerformance Members: db12g - Primary database db12g_s - Physical standby database Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED Configuration Status: SUCCESS (status updated 34 seconds ago)
DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE db12g;
Database - db12g
Role: PRIMARY
Intended State: TRANSPORT-ON
Instance(s):
cdb1
Database Status:
SUCCESS
DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE db12g_s;
Database - db12g_s
Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY
Intended State: APPLY-ON
Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)
Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)
Average Apply Rate: 11.00 KByte/s
Real Time Query: OFF
Instance(s):
db12g
Database Status:
SUCCESS
10. switchover演练，这里的切换无数据丢失，连接到主库，切换到备库：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 16:47:58 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> switchover to db12g_s Performing switchover NOW, please wait... Operation requires a connection to database "db12g_s" Connecting ... Connected to "db12g_s" Connected as SYSDBA. New primary database "db12g_s" is opening... Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Database opened. Connected to "db12g" Switchover succeeded, new primary is "db12g_s" SQL> select database_role from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE ---------------- PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE#
--------- ------------ ----------
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CLOSING 1
ARCH CLOSING 2
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
DGRD ALLOCATED 0
DGRD ALLOCATED 0
RFS IDLE 0
PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE#
--------- ------------ ----------
MRP0 APPLYING_LOG 3
RFS IDLE 0
RFS IDLE 3
14 rows selected.
11. failover演练，如果主库发生故障，无法连接到主库，可以用下面命令进行切换。连接到备库，并切换到备库：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g_s DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:48:32 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g_s" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> failover to db12g_s Performing failover NOW, please wait... Failover succeeded, new primary is "db12g_s" DGMGRL>
12. 当源主库开启了闪回功能，这时将源主库修复之后，可以不用重新搭建DG，而是用一命令，可将源主库变为备库。但是如果源主库未开启闪回，将需要重建：
DGMGRL> reinstate database db12g Reinstating database "db12g", please wait... Operation requires shut down of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Shutting down instance "db12g"... Connected to "db12g" ORACLE instance shut down. Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Connected to "db12g" Continuing to reinstate database "db12g" ... Reinstatement of database "db12g" succeeded DGMGRL>
13. 开启快照备库，这是11g的新功能，开启之后备库可以进行读写，但是当重新更改会备库的模式之后，所有的更改都是丢失，备库将继续同步主库的数据：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:44:43 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE db12g_s TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY; Converting database "db12g_s" to a Snapshot Standby database, please wait... Database "db12g_s" converted successfully DGMGRL>
14. 当结束快照数据之后，可以将其切换到物理备库：
[oracle@ora12c admin]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@db12g DGMGRL for Linux: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 23 17:45:55 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information. Connected to "db12g" Connected as SYSDBA. DGMGRL> CONVERT DATABASE db12g_s TO PHYSICAL STANDBY; Converting database "db12g_s" to a Physical Standby database, please wait... Operation requires shut down of instance "db12g" on database "db12g_s" Shutting down instance "db12g"... Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. Operation requires start up of instance "db12g" on database "db12g_s" Starting instance "db12g"... ORACLE instance started. Database mounted. Continuing to convert database "db12g_s" ... Database "db12g_s" converted successfully DGMGRL>
此时，物理备库再次同步主库数据。
遇到的坑：
1. 配置完broker之后，查看配置的时候报错：
DGMGRL> show configuraton show configuraton ^ Syntax error before or at "configuraton" DGMGRL> show configuration Configuration - my_dg_config Protection Mode: MaxPerformance Members: db12g - Primary database db12g_s - Physical standby database Error: ORA-16664: unable to receive the result from a member Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED Configuration Status: ERROR (status updated 59 seconds ago)
经过检查，是由于备库的tnsnames.ora文件中的配置错误导致无法连接到主库，其次查看备库的配置，发现很多警告，重新进行修改并重启数据库之后OK：
DGMGRL> show database verbose db12g_s Database - db12g_s Role: PHYSICAL STANDBY Intended State: APPLY-ON Transport Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago) Apply Lag: 0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago) Average Apply Rate: 1.00 KByte/s Active Apply Rate: 183.00 KByte/s Maximum Apply Rate: 183.00 KByte/s Real Time Query: ON Instance(s): db12g Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveTrace is inconsistent with the member setting Warning: ORA-16675: database instance restart required for property value modification to take effect Warning: ORA-16714: the value of property LogArchiveFormat is inconsistent with the member setting Properties: DGConnectIdentifier = 'db12g_s' ObserverConnectIdentifier = '' LogXptMode = 'ASYNC' RedoRoutes = '' DelayMins = '0' Binding = 'optional' MaxFailure = '0' MaxConnections = '1' ReopenSecs = '300' NetTimeout = '30' RedoCompression = 'DISABLE' LogShipping = 'ON' PreferredApplyInstance = '' ApplyInstanceTimeout = '0' ApplyLagThreshold = '30' TransportLagThreshold = '30' TransportDisconnectedThreshold = '30' ApplyParallel = 'AUTO' ApplyInstances = '0' StandbyFileManagement = 'AUTO' ArchiveLagTarget = '0' LogArchiveMaxProcesses = '8' LogArchiveMinSucceedDest = '1' DataGuardSyncLatency = '0' DbFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oradata, /u01/app/oracle/oradata' LogFileNameConvert = '/u01/app/oradata, /u01/app/oracle/oradata' FastStartFailoverTarget = '' InconsistentProperties = '(monitor)' InconsistentLogXptProps = '(monitor)' SendQEntries = '(monitor)' LogXptStatus = '(monitor)' RecvQEntries = '(monitor)' PreferredObserverHosts = '' StaticConnectIdentifier = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c-dg)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=db12g_s_DGMGRL)(INSTANCE_NAME=db12g)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))' StandbyArchiveLocation = '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog' AlternateLocation = '' LogArchiveTrace = '0' LogArchiveFormat = '%t_%s_%r.arc' TopWaitEvents = '(monitor)' Log file locations: Alert log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db12g_s/db12g/trace/alert_db12g.log Data Guard Broker log : /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db12g_s/db12g/trace/drcdb12g.log Database Status: WARNING DGMGRL> edit database db12g_s set property LogArchiveTrace='0'; Property "logarchivetrace" updated DGMGRL> edit database db12g_s set property LogArchiveFormat='%t_%s_%r.arc'; Warning: ORA-16675: database instance restart required for property value modification to take effect Property "logarchiveformat" updated DGMGRL> quit [oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$ [oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$ [oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$ [oracle@ora12c-dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue May 23 17:18:49 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1207959552 bytes Fixed Size 8792152 bytes Variable Size 436209576 bytes Database Buffers 754974720 bytes Redo Buffers 7983104 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
2. 配置归档参数时报错，无法配置，经过检查发现是log_archive_config参数配置错误，修改之后正常：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both; alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16053: DB_UNIQUE_NAME DB12G_S is not in the Data Guard Configuration SQL> show parameter dg_config SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(db12g,db12g_s)'; System altered. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=db12g_s LGWR ASYNC=20480 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB12G_S OPTIONAL REOPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30' scope=both; System altered.