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  • linux 命令——56 ss(转)

      ss是Socket Statistics的缩写。顾名思义,ss命令可以用来获取socket统计信息,它可以显示和netstat类似的内容。但ss的优势在于它能够显示更多更详细的有关TCP和连接状态的信息,而且比netstat更快速更高效。

      当服务器的socket连接数量变得非常大时,无论是使用netstat命令还是直接cat /proc/net/tcp,执行速度都会很慢。可能你不会有切身的感受,但请相信我,当服务器维持的连接达到上万个的时候,使用netstat等于浪费 生命,而用ss才是节省时间。

    天 下武功唯快不破。ss快的秘诀在于,它利用到了TCP协议栈中tcp_diag。tcp_diag是一个用于分析统计的模块,可以获得Linux 内核中 第一手的信息,这就确保了ss的快捷高效。当然,如果你的系统中没有tcp_diag,ss也可以正常运行,只是效率会变得稍慢。(但仍然 比 netstat要快。)

    1.命令格式:

    ss [参数]

    ss [参数] [过滤]

    2.命令功能:

    ss(Socket Statistics 的缩写)命令可以用来获取 socket统计信息,此命令输出的结果类似于 netstat输出的内容,但它能显示更多更详细的 TCP连接状态的信息, 且比 netstat 更快速高效。它使用了 TCP协议栈中 tcp_diag(是一个用于分析统计的模块),能直接从获得第一手内核信息,这就使 得 ss命令快捷高效。在没有 tcp_diag,ss也可以正常运行。

    3.命令参数:

    -h, --help 帮助信息

    -V, --version 程序版本信息

    -n, --numeric 不解析服务名称

    -r, --resolve        解析主机名

    -a, --all 显示所有套接字(sockets)

    -l, --listening 显示监听状态的套接字(sockets)

    -o, --options        显示计时器信息

    -e, --extended       显示详细的套接字(sockets)信息

    -m, --memory         显示套接字(socket)的内存使用情况

    -p, --processes 显示使用套接字(socket)的进程

    -i, --info 显示 TCP内部信息

    -s, --summary 显示套接字(socket)使用概况

    -4, --ipv4           仅显示IPv4的套接字(sockets)

    -6, --ipv6           仅显示IPv6的套接字(sockets)

    -0, --packet         显示 PACKET 套接字(socket)

    -t, --tcp 仅显示 TCP套接字(sockets)

    -u, --udp 仅显示 UCP套接字(sockets)

    -d, --dccp 仅显示 DCCP套接字(sockets)

    -w, --raw 仅显示 RAW套接字(sockets)

    -x, --unix 仅显示 Unix套接字(sockets)

    -f, --family=FAMILY  显示 FAMILY类型的套接字(sockets),FAMILY可选,支持  unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink

    -A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY

          QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]

    -D, --diag=FILE     将原始TCP套接字(sockets)信息转储到文件

     -F, --filter=FILE   从文件中都去过滤器信息

           FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]

    4.使用实例:

    实例1:显示TCP连接

    命令:

    ss -t -a

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -t -a
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    LISTEN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:smux                                               *:*       
    LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:3690                                               *:*       
    LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:ssh                                                *:*       
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.204:ssh                                        10.2.0.68:49368   
    [root@localhost ~]# 
     

    说明:

    实例2:显示 Sockets 摘要

    命令:

    ss -s

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -s
    Total: 34 (kernel 48)
    TCP:   4 (estab 1, closed 0, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 3

    Transport Total     IP        IPv6
    *         48        -         -        
    RAW       0         0         0        
    UDP       5         5         0        
    TCP       4         4         0        
    INET      9         9         0        
    FRAG      0         0         0        

    [root@localhost ~]# 
     

    说明:

    列出当前的established, closed, orphaned and waiting TCP sockets

    实例3:列出所有打开的网络连接端口

    命令:

    ss -l

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -l
    Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
    0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*       
    0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*       
    0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*       
    [root@localhost ~]#  
     

    说明:

    实例4:查看进程使用的socket

    命令:

    ss -pl

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -pl
    Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
    0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*        users:(("snmpd",2716,8))
    0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*        users:(("svnserve",3590,3))
    0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*        users:(("sshd",2735,3))
    [root@localhost ~]#
     

    说明:

    实例5:找出打开套接字/端口应用程序

    命令:

    ss -lp | grep 3306

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 1935
    0      0                            *:1935                          *:*        users:(("fmsedge",2913,18))
    0      0                    127.0.0.1:19350                         *:*        users:(("fmsedge",2913,17))
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 3306
    0      0                            *:3306                          *:*        users:(("mysqld",2871,10))
    [root@localhost ~]# 
     

    说明:

    实例6:显示所有UDP Sockets

    命令:

    ss -u -a

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -u -a
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    UNCONN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:syslog                                             *:*       
    UNCONN     0      0                                                 *:snmp                                               *:*       
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.203:39641                                  10.58.119.119:domain 
    [root@localhost ~]#
     

    说明:

    实例7:显示所有状态为established的SMTP连接

    命令:

    ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 

    输出:

    [root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 
    Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
    [root@localhost ~]#

    说明:

    实例8:显示所有状态为Established的HTTP连接

    命令:

    ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 

    输出:

    [root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 
    Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
    0      0                                              75.126.153.214:2164                                        192.168.10.42:http    
    [root@localhost ~]# 

    说明:

    实例9:列举出处于 FIN-WAIT-1状态的源端口为 80或者 443,目标网络为 193.233.7/24所有 tcp套接字

    命令:

    ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24

    输出:

    说明:

    实例10:用TCP 状态过滤Sockets:

    命令:

    ss -4 state FILTER-NAME-HERE 

    ss -6 state FILTER-NAME-HERE

    输出:

    [root@localhost ~]#ss -4 state closing 
    Recv-Q Send-Q                                                  Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port 
    1      11094                                                  75.126.153.214:http                                                      192.168.10.42:4669 

    说明:

    FILTER-NAME-HERE 可以代表以下任何一个:

    established

    syn-sent

    syn-recv

    fin-wait-1

    fin-wait-2

    time-wait

    closed

    close-wait

    last-ack

    listen

    closing

    all : 所有以上状态

    connected : 除了listen and closed的所有状态

    synchronized :所有已连接的状态除了syn-sent

    bucket : 显示状态为maintained as minisockets,如:time-wait和syn-recv.

    big : 和bucket相反.

    实例11:匹配远程地址和端口号

    命令:

    ss dst ADDRESS_PATTERN

    ss dst 192.168.1.5

    ss dst 192.168.119.113:http 

    ss dst 192.168.119.113:smtp 

    ss dst 192.168.119.113:443

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:20229   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61056   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61623   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:60924   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16050                                192.168.119.113:43701   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:32930   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:49318   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
    [root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:http
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    [root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:3844
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
    [root@localhost ~]# 
     

    说明:

    实例12:匹配本地地址和端口号

    命令:

    ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

    ss src 192.168.119.103

    ss src 192.168.119.103:http

    ss src 192.168.119.103:80

    ss src 192.168.119.103:smtp

    ss src 192.168.119.103:25

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss src 192.168.119.103:16021
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63054   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:62894   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63055   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:2274    
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44784   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:7233    
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.103:58660   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44822   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56737   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:57487   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56736   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64652   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56586   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64653   
    ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56587   
    [root@localhost ~]# 
     

    说明:

    实例13:将本地或者远程端口和一个数比较

    命令:

    ss dport OP PORT 

    ss sport OP PORT

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  sport = :http 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  dport = :http 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  dport > :1024 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  sport > :1024 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss sport < :32000 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  sport eq :22 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  dport != :22 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss  state connected sport = :http 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss ( sport = :http or sport = :https ) 
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ( sport = :http or sport = :https ) dst 192.168.1/24
     

    说明:

    ss dport OP PORT 远程端口和一个数比较;ss sport OP PORT 本地端口和一个数比较。

    OP 可以代表以下任意一个: 

    <= or le : 小于或等于端口号

    >= or ge : 大于或等于端口号

    == or eq : 等于端口号

    != or ne : 不等于端口号

    < or gt : 小于端口号

    > or lt : 大于端口号

    实例14:ss 和 netstat 效率对比

    命令:

    time netstat -at

    time ss

    输出:

     
    [root@localhost ~]# time ss   
    real    0m0.739s
    user    0m0.019s
    sys     0m0.013s
    [root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# time netstat -at
    real    2m45.907s
    user    0m0.063s
    sys     0m0.067s
    [root@localhost ~]#
     

    说明:

    用time 命令分别获取通过netstat和ss命令获取程序和概要占用资源所使用的时间。在服务器连接数比较多的时候,netstat的效率完全没法和ss比。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zxqstrong/p/4588523.html
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