Python单元测试unittest

2018年8月9日发布，后续补上注释等文字说明

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首先需要测试代码

 

name_function.py是一个简单的函数，获取前后两个名字，然后组合起来

def get_formatted_name(first,last,middle=''):
    if middle:
        full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last
    else:
        full_name = first + ' ' + last
    return full_name.title()

names.py让用户输入名字，并输出

from name_function import get_formatted_name
 
print("enter")
 
while True:
    firstname = input("enter first: ")
    if firstname == 'q':
        print("exit")
        break
 
    lastname = input("enter second: ")
    if lastname == 'q':
        print("exit")
        break
 
    fullname = get_formatted_name(firstname,lastname)
    print('full name: ',fullname)

运行结果

enter
enter first: zhang
enter second: san
full name:  Zhang San
enter first: q
exit

如果想要在name_function.py函数的first和last添加一个中间名，为了验证之前的函数是否能够正常工作，可以在每次修改后都去验证get_formatted_name(first,last)进行测试，未免太麻烦了。

Python提供了这样一种自动测试函数输出的方法，unittest。

import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name
 
class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_first_last_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis','joplin')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Janis Joplin')
 
    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('wolfgang','mozart','amadeus')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')
 
unittest.main()

以上代码，导入模块以及要被测试的函数，

通过调用函数，断言与返回的formatted_name判断结果，最后unittest.main()执行以上结果。

运行结果

..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
 
OK

再写一段代码

survey.py

class AnoymousSurvey():
    def __init__(self,question):
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []
 
    def show_question(self):
        print(self.question)
 
    def store_response(self,new_response):
        self.responses.append(new_response)
 
    def show_results(self):
        print("Survey results: ")
        for response in self.responses:
            print("- ",response)

language_servey.py

from survey import AnoymousSurvey
 
question = "what language you first learn"
my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)
 
my_survey.show_question()
print("enter q to quit")
 
while True:
    response = input("language: ")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)
 
print("--")
print("thank your input")
 
my_survey.show_results()

通过用户输入信息，然后存入列表，接着打印出来

接着使用unittest，test_survey.py

from survey import AnoymousSurvey
import unittest
 
 
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        question = "what language you first learn1"
        my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.show_question()
        my_survey.store_response('English')
        self.assertIn('English',my_survey.responses)
 
    def test_store_three_response(self):
        question = "what language you first learn2"
        my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)
        my_survey.show_question()
        responses = ['English','Spanish','Chinese']
        for response in responses:
            my_survey.store_response(response)
            self.assertIn(response,my_survey.responses)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

或者使用setUp方法

import unittest
from survey import AnoymousSurvey
 
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    def SetUp(self):
        question = "what language you first learn"
        self.my_survey = AnoymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English','Spanish','Chinese']
 
    def test_store_single_response(self):
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0],self.my_survey.responses)
 
    def test_store_three_response(self):
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response,self.my_survey.response)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()