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  • Maven构建应用程序常用配置

    Maven构建应用程序常用配置

    使用Maven来构建应用程序,可以非常方便地管理应用相关的资源。众所周知,应用程序中涉及到的一些依赖关系,如Java应用程序依赖jar文件,如果只是手动找到相应的资源,可能需要花费一些时间。而且,即使已经积累了库文件,在未来应用程序升级以后,还要考虑到依赖库文件的升级情况,再次搜索收集。
    还有一个问题,对应用程序依赖文件的管理是个非常复杂工作,占用存储空间不说,还可能因为应用之间的版本问题导致依赖冲突。使用Maven的pom模型来构建应用程序,可以更加有效地的管理,而且配置内容非常清晰(有时多了,可能pom文件显得有点臃肿)。
    下面将常用的Maven配置,整理如下,以备参考。首先,整理一个简单的目录,作为快速查询之用:

    1. 设置字符集
    2. 拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件
    3. 编译代码
    4. 、编译打包成jar文件
    5. 构建测试用例配置
    6. 输出依赖jar文件到指定目录
    7. 配置指定的repository
    8. 将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

    具体配置的详细内容,如下所示:

    1、设置字符集

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    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    在需要设置字符集的地方,引用${project.build.sourceEncoding}即可。

    2、拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件

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    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>copy-resources</id>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
                                <resources>
                                    <resource>
                                        <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
                                        <includes>
                                            <include>*.properties</include>
                                            <include>*.xml</include>
                                        </includes>
                                        <filtering>true</filtering>
                                    </resource>
                                </resources>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    3、编译代码

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    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    可以指定源代码编译级别。

    4、编译打包成jar文件

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    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>jar</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <classifier>without-configs</classifier>
                                <excludes>
                                    <exclude>*.properties</exclude>
                                    <exclude>*.xml</exclude>
                                </excludes>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    可以指定打包后jar文件的文件名后缀,同时可以设置是否将配置文件也打包到jar文件中。

    5、构建测试用例配置

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    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.9</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <skip>true</skip>
                        <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

    构建应用时,可以配置是否执行测试用例代码,也可以配置如果测试用例未通过是否忽略。

    6、输出依赖jar文件到指定目录

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    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                            <pluginExecutions>
                                <pluginExecution>
                                    <pluginExecutionFilter>
                                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                                        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                                        <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
                                        <goals>
                                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                                            <goal>unpack</goal>
                                        </goals>
                                    </pluginExecutionFilter>
                                    <action>
                                        <ignore />
                                    </action>
                                </pluginExecution>
                            </pluginExecutions>
                        </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.8</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                            <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                            <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                            <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    上面,和pluginManagement并列的plugins元素中配置的是拷贝依赖jar文件到target/lib目录下面,如果在Eclipse中出现maven-dependency-plugin (goals “copy-dependencies”, “unpack”) is not supported by m2e错误,上面pluginManagement元素中的配置,可以解决这个错误提示。

    7、配置指定的repository

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    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>cloudera</id>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    如果我们需要要的一些依赖jar文件在maven中央repository中没有,可以在pom文件中配置特定的repository,一般需要配置id和url。

    8、将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

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    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zzwx/p/8820220.html
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