MySQL 二进制安装

目录

• 下载 Mysql 二进制包
• 安装依赖
• 解压包
• 移动目录
• 做软连接
• 创建 mysql 用户
• 拷贝配置文件和启动脚本
• 初始化数据库
• 启动数据库
• 配置环境变量
• 配置system管理mysql
• 确认启动
• 不安装在 /usr/local 目录下会遇到的问题

下载 Mysql 二进制包

[root@web01 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

安装依赖

[root@m01 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf openssl openssl-devel

解压包

[root@m01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

移动目录

[root@m01 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/

做软连接

[root@m01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

创建 mysql 用户

[root@m01 ~]# useradd mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M

拷贝配置文件和启动脚本

[root@m01 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y

[root@m01 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

初始化数据库

[root@m01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
[root@m01 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

--user:	指定用户
--basedir: 指定安装目录
--datadir: 指定数据目录

# 初始化成功的标志是两个ok

启动数据库

[root@m01 scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

配置环境变量

[root@m01 scripts]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@m01 scripts]# source /etc/profile

配置system管理mysql

[root@m01 scripts]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

[root@m01 scripts]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@m01 scripts]# systemctl start mysqld

确认启动

[root@m01 scripts]# ps -ef | grep mysql
mysql     12886      1  2 03:10 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
root      12921  10636  0 03:11 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@m01 scripts]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12027/redis-server  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6180/rpcbind        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7113/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7198/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      12886/mysqld        
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      6180/rpcbind        
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      7113/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      7198/master         
[root@m01 scripts]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

不安装在 /usr/local 目录下会遇到的问题

[root@m01 scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

# 启动失败，因为mysql文件中很多都是 /usr/local/mysql，我们需要替换，但只需要替换两个文件中的内容即可
[root@m01 mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/service/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld /service/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 
 
# 修改配置文件
[root@m01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
basedir = /service/mysql
datadir = /service/mysql/data

# 再次启动
[root@m01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/service/mysql/data/db03.err'.
 SUCCESS!