支付宝二次封装、订单模块与表分析、订单模块接口分析、支付接口、重写序列化类的create方法、前后台回调接口配置、前台生成订单并跳转、前台支付成功页面、支付宝get回调参数、同步异步回调接口、上线前准备

## 1 支付宝二次封装

```python
al_pay
    -pem
    -__init__.py
    -pay.py
    -setting.py
#__init__.py
from .pay import alipay,gateway
#pay.py

from alipay import AliPay
from . import setting
alipay = AliPay(
    appid=setting.APPID,
    app_notify_url=None,  # the default notify path
    app_private_key_string=setting.APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING,
    # alipay public key, do not use your own public key!
    alipay_public_key_string=setting.ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING,
    sign_type=setting.SIGN_TYPE, # RSA or RSA2
    debug=setting.DEBUG  # False by default
)
gateway=setting.GATEWAY
# setting.py
import os
APPID="2016092000554611"
APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'pem','private_key.pem')).read()
ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'pem','al_public_key.pem')).read()
SIGN_TYPE='RSA2'
DEBUG=True
GATEWAY='https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?' if DEBUG else 'https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do?'
```



## 2 订单模块与表分析

```python
# 订单表分析
   -订单表
    -订单详情
    
from django.db import models
from django.db import models
from user.models import User
from course.models import Course
# 订单表
class Order(models.Model):
    """订单模型"""
    status_choices = (
        (0, '未支付'),
        (1, '已支付'),
        (2, '已取消'),
        (3, '超时取消'),
    )
    pay_choices = (
        (1, '支付宝'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
    )
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="订单标题")
    total_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="订单总价", default=0)
    out_trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="订单号", unique=True)
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True, verbose_name="流水号")  # 支付宝生成回来的
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="订单状态")
    pay_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=pay_choices, default=1, verbose_name="支付方式")
    pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, verbose_name="支付时间")
    # 一个用户可以下多个订单，一个订单只属于一个用户，一对多的关系，关联字段写在多个一方，写在order方
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='order_user', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="下单用户")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最后更新时间')
    class Meta:
        db_table = "luffy_order"
        verbose_name = "订单记录"
        verbose_name_plural = "订单记录"

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s - ￥%s" % (self.subject, self.total_amount)

    @property
    def courses(self):
        data_list = []
        for item in self.order_courses.all():
            data_list.append({
                "id": item.id,
                "course_name": item.course.name,
                "real_price": item.real_price,
            })
        return data_list

# 订单详情表
# 订单和详情是一对多，关联字段写在多个的一方，写在订单详情表中
class OrderDetail(models.Model):
    """订单详情"""
    order = models.ForeignKey(Order, related_name='order_courses', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="订单")
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, related_name='course_orders', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="课程",null=True)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价")
    real_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程实价")

    class Meta:
        db_table = "luffy_order_detail"
        verbose_name = "订单详情"
        verbose_name_plural = "订单详情"

    def __str__(self):
        try:
            return "%s的订单：%s" % (self.course.name, self.order.out_trade_no)
        except:
            return super().__str__()
```

## 3 订单模块接口分析

```python
# 1 支付接口（生成订单,，生成支付连接，返回支付连接）
   -order表和orderdetail表插入数据，重写create方法
    -生成订单号（uuid）
    -登录后才能做（jwt认证）
    -当前登录用户就是下单用户，存到order表中
    -下了三个课程，总价格100，前端提交的价格是99，异常处理
     '''
        #1）订单总价校验
        # 2）生成订单号
        # 3）支付用户：request.user
        # 4）支付链接生成
        # 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
    '''
# 2 支付宝异步回调的post接口（验证签名，修改订单状态）
# 3 当支付宝get回调前端，vue组件一创建，立马向后端发一个请求（get）
```

## 4 支付接口

```python
# 1 前端传什么格式数据
   -{course:[1,2,3],total_amount:100,subject:xx商品,pay_type:1,}
    
# 2 后端接到数据要校验
   -course:[1,2,3]===》course:[obj1，obj2，obj3]
    -在序列化类中：                                 course=serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Course.objects.all(), write_only=True, many=True)
# 3 在序列化类的validate中处理一堆逻辑
        '''
        # 1）订单总价校验：
           -一个个课程价格取出来累加看是否等于传入的总价格
        # 2）生成订单号
           -通过uuid生成
        # 3）支付用户：request.user
           -通过视图和序列化类之间的桥梁context对象传递
           -重新视图类中的create方法，把request对象放入context
           -self.context.get('request').user
        # 4）支付链接生成
           -导入封装的支付宝支付，生成
           order_string = alipay.api_alipay_trade_page_pay    (
            out_trade_no=out_trade_no,
            total_amount=total_amout,
            subject=subject,
            return_url=settings.RETURN_URL,  # get回调，前台地址
            notify_url=settings.NOTIFY_URL   # post回调，后台地址
        )
        # 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
           -把user放入attrs中
           -把订单号，放入attrs中
           attrs['user']=user
           attrs['out_trade_no']=out_trade_no
           self.context['pay_url']=pay_url
        '''
    
 # 4 重写序列化类的create方法
   -把course_list弹出来
    -order=models.Order.objects.create(**validated_data)
```

```python
# urls.py
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('pay', views.PayView, 'pay')
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

# views.py
class PayView(GenericViewSet,CreateModelMixin):
    authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication,]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated,]
    queryset = models.Order.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.OrderSerializer

    # 重写create方法
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data,context={'request':request})
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_create(serializer)
        return Response(serializer.context.get('pay_url'))
    
# serializer.py
class OrderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 前端传什么数据过来{course:[1,2,3],total_amount:100,subject:xx商品,pay_type:1,}
    # user字段需要，但是不是传的，使用了jwt


    # 需要把course:[1,2,3] 处理成 course:[obj1,obj2,obj3]

    # 课时：[1,4,6,]===>课时：[obj1,obj4,obj6,]
    # course=serializers.CharField()
    course=serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Course.objects.all(), write_only=True, many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Order
        fields = ['total_amount','subject','pay_type','course']
        extra_kwargs={
            'total_amount':{'required':True},
            'pay_type': {'required': True},
        }


    def _check_price(self,attrs):
        total_amount=attrs.get('total_amount')
        course_list=attrs.get('course')
        total_price=0
        for course in course_list:
            total_price+=course.price
        if total_price!=total_amount:
            raise ValidationError('价格不合法')
        return total_amount

    def _gen_out_trade_no(self):
        import uuid
        return str(uuid.uuid4()).replace('-','')

    def _get_user(self):
        # 需要request对象(需要视图通过context把reuqest对象传入。重写create方法)
        request=self.context.get('request')
        return request.user

    def _gen_pay_url(self,out_trade_no,total_amout,subject):
        # total_amout是Decimal类型，识别不了，需要转换成float类型
        from luffyapi.libs.al_pay import alipay,gateway
        order_string = alipay.api_alipay_trade_page_pay    (
            out_trade_no=out_trade_no,
            total_amount=float(total_amout),
            subject=subject,
            return_url=settings.RETURN_URL,  # get回调，前台地址
            notify_url=settings.NOTIFY_URL   # post回调，后台地址
        )
        return gateway+order_string

    def _before_create(self,attrs,user,pay_url,out_trade_no):
        attrs['user']=user
        attrs['out_trade_no']=out_trade_no

        self.context['pay_url']=pay_url
    def validate(self, attrs):
        '''
        # 1）订单总价校验
        # 2）生成订单号
        # 3）支付用户：request.user
        # 4）支付链接生成
        # 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
        '''
        # 1）订单总价校验
        total_amout = self._check_price(attrs)
        # 2）生成订单号
        out_trade_no=self._gen_out_trade_no()
        # 3）支付用户：request.user
        user=self._get_user()
        # 4）支付链接生成
        pay_url=self._gen_pay_url(out_trade_no,total_amout,attrs.get('subject'))
        # 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
        self._before_create(attrs,user,pay_url,out_trade_no)
        return attrs
    def create(self, validated_data):
        course_list=validated_data.pop('course')
        order=models.Order.objects.create(**validated_data)
        for course in course_list:
            models.OrderDetail.objects.create(order=order,course=course,price=course.price,real_price=course.price)

        return order
```



## 5 前后台回调接口配置

```python
# dev.py
# 上线后必须换成公网地址
# 后台基URL
BASE_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
# 前台基URL
LUFFY_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'
# 支付宝同步异步回调接口配置
# 后台异步回调接口
NOTIFY_URL = BASE_URL + "/order/success/"
# 前台同步回调接口，没有 / 结尾
RETURN_URL = LUFFY_URL + "/pay/success"
```



## 6 前台生成订单并跳转

```python
# FreeCourse.vue
<span class="buy-now" @click="buy_now(course)">立即购买</span>
# script
 buy_now(course) {
                let token = this.$cookies.get('token')
                if (!token) {
                    this.$message({
                        message: "您还没有登录，请先登录",
                    })
                    return false
                }
                this.$axios({
                        method: 'post',
                        url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/pay/',
                        data: {
                            "total_amount": course.price,
                            "subject": course.name,
                            "pay_type": 1,
                            "course": [
                                course.id,
                            ]
                        },
                        headers: {Authorization: 'jwt ' + token}
                    }
                ).then(response => {
                    console.log(response.data)
                    let pay_url=response.data
                    //前端发送get请求
                    open(pay_url,'_self')
                }).catch(error => {
                })

            },
```



## 7 前台支付成功页面

```python
# 路由
{
        path: '/pay/success',
        name: 'PaySuccess',
        component: PaySuccess
    },

#PaySuccess.vue
<template>
    <div class="pay-success">
        <!--如果是单独的页面，就没必要展示导航栏(带有登录的用户)-->
        <Header/>
        <div class="main">
            <div class="title">
                <div class="success-tips">
                    <p class="tips">您已成功购买 1 门课程！</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="order-info">
                <p class="info"><b>订单号：</b><span>{{ result.out_trade_no }}</span></p>
                <p class="info"><b>交易号：</b><span>{{ result.trade_no }}</span></p>
                <p class="info"><b>付款时间：</b><span><span>{{ result.timestamp }}</span></span></p>
            </div>
            <div class="study">
                <span>立即学习</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    import Header from "@/components/Head"

    export default {
        name: "Success",
        data() {
            return {
                result: {},
            };
        },
        created() {
            // url后拼接的参数：?及后面的所有参数 => ?a=1&b=2
            // console.log(location.search);

            // 解析支付宝回调的url参数
            let params = location.search.substring(1);  // 去除? => a=1&b=2
            let items = params.length ? params.split('&') : [];  // ['a=1', 'b=2']
            //逐个将每一项添加到args对象中
            for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {  // 第一次循环a=1，第二次b=2
                let k_v = items[i].split('=');  // ['a', '1']
                //解码操作，因为查询字符串经过编码的
                if (k_v.length >= 2) {
                    // url编码反解
                    let k = decodeURIComponent(k_v[0]);
                    this.result[k] = decodeURIComponent(k_v[1]);
                    // 没有url编码反解
                    // this.result[k_v[0]] = k_v[1];
                }

            }
            // 解析后的结果
            // console.log(this.result);


            // 把地址栏上面的支付结果，再get请求转发给后端
            this.$axios({
                url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/success/' + location.search,
                method: 'get',
            }).then(response => {
                console.log(response.data);
            }).catch(() => {
                console.log('支付结果同步失败');
            })
        },
        components: {
            Header,
        }
    }
</script>

<style scoped>
    .main {
        padding: 60px 0;
        margin: 0 auto;
         1200px;
        background: #fff;
    }

    .main .title {
        display: flex;
        -ms-flex-align: center;
        align-items: center;
        padding: 25px 40px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
    }

    .main .title .success-tips {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .title img {
        vertical-align: middle;
         60px;
        height: 60px;
        margin-right: 40px;
    }

    .title .success-tips {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .title .tips {
        font-size: 26px;
        color: #000;
    }


    .info span {
        color: #ec6730;
    }

    .order-info {
        padding: 25px 48px;
        padding-bottom: 15px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
    }

    .order-info p {
        display: -ms-flexbox;
        display: flex;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .order-info p b {
        font-weight: 400;
        color: #9d9d9d;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .study {
        padding: 25px 40px;
    }

    .study span {
        display: block;
         140px;
        height: 42px;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 42px;
        cursor: pointer;
        background: #ffc210;
        border-radius: 6px;
        font-size: 16px;
        color: #fff;
    }
</style>
```





### 支付宝get回调参数

```python
charset=utf-8&
out_trade_no=17fcf8cac17c442bbbc114df6004afff&
method=alipay.trade.page.pay.return&
total_amount=99.00&
sign=WfK2beWFKvVaTHXpREi8HqZtFRH3JbeIvkliReYvfuhAsqaxHguARKtW6jUqUdZinm7ZSaYE1NrBRQa3%2BLquMk6uMnxE0i%2FTXIu4%2FmNTCEqSUlG8fTRPwC2%2BuU4nN1Ym0eM4puzAc2TUnEJnXCGKP9UxMifN3cjqR5BP%2B3RRngZSS4IQeogjurpfdiIolLzed%2FHTWbc4HqvWlWn9JuLmFGTtKHvRRKFr1hqq8Pj%2Fe3Al8kieDN9Q7JhEdC6F5ROo9rLlmUJtevkjI22oRScrfJl5hb%2BeYosxNg3WktmYKlF5vsKeZKKnLayAvKGoySLvaWk90x0LijHzzf2%2F8a9s3w%3D%3D&
trade_no=2020072922001480160500851368&
auth_app_id=2016092000554611&
version=1.0&
app_id=2016092000554611&
sign_type=RSA2&
seller_id=2088102176466324&
timestamp=2020-07-29%2015%3A06%3A44
```



## 8 同步异步回调接口

```python
class SuccessView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        out_trade_no=request.query_params.get('out_trade_no')
        order=models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).first()
        if order.order_status==1:
            return Response(True)
        else:
            return Response(False)

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        '''
        支付宝回调接口
        '''
        from luffyapi.libs.al_pay import alipay
        from luffyapi.utils.logger import log
        data = request.data
        out_trade_no=data.get('out_trade_no',None)
        gmt_payment=data.get('gmt_payment',None)
        signature = data.pop("sign")
        # 验证签名
        success = alipay.verify(data, signature)
        if success and data["trade_status"] in ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "TRADE_FINISHED"):
            models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).update(order_status=1,pay_time=gmt_payment)
            log.info('%s订单支付成功'%out_trade_no)
            return Response('success')
        else:
            log.info('%s订单有问题' % out_trade_no)
            return Response('error')
```

## 9 上线前准备

```python
# 前端执行 npm run build   把你写的vue代码编译成html，css，js

# 后端代码
   -修改setting中的pro.py
    -项目根路径新建一个manage_pro.py（把原来的manage.py复制改动上线的配置文件）
    -wsgi.py:改成线上的dev
```