spring 基础(五) spring mvc RESTful

1.RESTful

1. 使用URL作为用户交互入口。
2. 明确的语义规范(GET|POST|PUT|DELETE)。
3. 只返回数据(JSON|XML),不包含任何展现。
4. RESTful是一种设计理念:
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5. 命名规范：如图
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6. 5

2.创建一个RESTful风格的SpringMvc

1.创建一个maven项目。

2.单击选中工程

3.file=》Project Structure... ;注意此处路径修改必须统一。否则程序报错，比如都将web修改为srcmainwebapp

 4.因为当前是maven工程，不具有webapp开发能力。需要再Facets中添加web。记得单击web之后弹出页面选中工程，然后再确定

 

 5.确定web.xml存储路径一般放在是srcmainwebappWEB-INF目录下

 6.设置存储页面的路径

 7.添加artifact

8.打开 Add Configuration..；然后先设置Templates 模板；先apply 然后ok。

 

 

9.Templates 设置完毕之后，再打开 然后添加服务并且对齐设置

 

 

 

 

10.启动，先再webapp下添加一个index.html

11.pom导入springmvc相关

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun</id>
            <name>aliyun</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--logback日志组件,Spring框架默认集成-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        事务组件-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

12.设置applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mv="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--
    context:component-scan 标签作用
    在Spring IOC初始化过程中,自动创建并管理com.imooc.springmvc及子包中
    拥有以下注解的对象.
    @Repository
    @Service
    @Controller
    @Component
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.item.springmvc"/>
    <!--    启用spring mvc注解开发模式-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!--        解决中文乱码问题-->
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <!-- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8") -->
                        <value>text/html;charset=utf-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=utf-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 将图片/JS/CSS等静态资源排除在外,可提高执行效率 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

13.配置webappWEB-INFweb.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>formContentFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>formContentFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

 14.添加一个实体

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
}

15.添加一个测试控制器

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/restful")
public class RestfulController {
    @GetMapping("/request")
    public String doGetRequest(){
        return "{"message":"返回查询结果"}";
    }

    // POST /article/1
    // POST /restful/request/100
    @PostMapping("/request/{rid}")
    public String doPostRequest(@PathVariable("rid") Integer requestId, Person person){
        System.out.println(person.getName() + ":" + person.getAge());
        return "{"message":"数据新建成功","id":" + requestId + "}";
    }

    @PutMapping("/request")
    public String doPutRequest(Person person){
        System.out.println(person.getName() + ":" + person.getAge());
        return "{"message":"数据更新成功"}";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/request")
    public String doDeleteRequest(){
        return "{"message":"数据删除成功"}";
    }

    @GetMapping("/person")
    public Person findByPersonId(Integer id){
        Person p = new Person();
        if(id==1){
            p.setName("lily");
            p.setAge(23);
        }else if(id==2){
            p.setName("smith");
            p.setAge(22);
        }
        return p;
    }

    @GetMapping("/persons")
    public List<Person> findPersons(){
        List list = new ArrayList();
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.setName("lily");
        p1.setAge(23);
        p1.setBirthday(new Date());

        Person p2 = new Person();
        p2.setName("smith");
        p2.setAge(22);
        p2.setBirthday(new Date());
        list.add(p1);
        list.add(p2);
        return list;
    }

}

16.前端请求