zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 最简单的目标跟踪-模板匹配跟踪(转)

    转自:http://blog.csdn.net/huixingshao/article/details/43636717

           

    模板匹配TemplateMatching是在图像中寻找目标的方法之一。原理很简单,就是在一幅图像中寻找和模板图像(patch)最相似的区域。在OpenCV中有对应的函数可以调用:

           void matchTemplate( const Mat& image, const Mat& templ, Mat&result, int method );

           该函数的功能为,在输入源图像Sourceimage(I)中滑动框,寻找各个位置与模板图像Template image(T)的相似度,并将结果保存在结果矩阵result matrix(R)中。该矩阵的每一个点的亮度表示与模板T的匹配程度。然后可以通过函数minMaxLoc定位矩阵R中的最大值(该函数也可以确定最小值)。那通过什么去评价两个图像相似呢?这就存在一个评价准则,也就是参数method,它可以有以下值(匹配的方法):

    CV_TM_SQDIFF 平方差匹配法,最好的匹配为0,值越大匹配越差;

    CV_TM_SQDIFF_NORMED 归一化平方差匹配法;

    CV_TM_CCORR 相关匹配法,采用乘法操作,数值越大表明匹配越好;

    CV_TM_CCORR_NORMED 归一化相关匹配法;

    CV_TM_CCOEFF 相关系数匹配法,最好的匹配为1,-1表示最差的匹配;

    CV_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED 归一化相关系数匹配法;

    前面两种方法为越小的值表示越匹配,后四种方法值越大越匹配。

    其中:

    CV_TM_SQDIFF为:Sumof Squared Difference (SSD) 差值的平方和:

    CV_TM_CCORR 为:Cross Correlation互相关:

    SSD可以看成是欧式距离的平方。我们把SSD展开,可以得到:

          可以看到,上式的第一项(模板图像T的能量)是一个常数,第三项(图像I局部的能量)也可以近似一个常数,那么可以看到,剩下的第二项就是和cross correlation一样的,也就是互相关项。而SSD是数值越大,相似度越小,cross correlation是数值越大,相似度越大。

    参考:

    Konstantinos G. Derpanis 等《RelationshipBetween the Sum of Squared Difference (SSD) and Cross Correlation for TemplateMatching》

    实现:

    simpleTracker.cpp
    // Object tracking algorithm using matchTemplate
    
    #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
    
    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;
    
    // Global variables
    Rect box;
    bool drawing_box = false;
    bool gotBB = false;
    
    // bounding box mouse callback
    void mouseHandler(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void *param){
      switch( event ){
      case CV_EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
        if (drawing_box){
            box.width = x-box.x;
            box.height = y-box.y;
        }
        break;
      case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        drawing_box = true;
        box = Rect( x, y, 0, 0 );
        break;
      case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        drawing_box = false;
        if( box.width < 0 ){
            box.x += box.width;
            box.width *= -1;
        }
        if( box.height < 0 ){
            box.y += box.height;
            box.height *= -1;
        }
        gotBB = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    
    
    // tracker: get search patches around the last tracking box,
    // and find the most similar one
    void tracking(Mat frame, Mat &model, Rect &trackBox)
    {
    	Mat gray;
    	cvtColor(frame, gray, CV_RGB2GRAY);
    
    	Rect searchWindow;
    	searchWindow.width = trackBox.width * 3;
    	searchWindow.height = trackBox.height * 3;
    	searchWindow.x = trackBox.x + trackBox.width * 0.5 - searchWindow.width * 0.5;
    	searchWindow.y = trackBox.y + trackBox.height * 0.5 - searchWindow.height * 0.5;
    	searchWindow &= Rect(0, 0, frame.cols, frame.rows);
    
    	Mat similarity;
    	matchTemplate(gray(searchWindow), model, similarity, CV_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); 
    
    	double mag_r;
    	Point point;
    	minMaxLoc(similarity, 0, &mag_r, 0, &point);
    	trackBox.x = point.x + searchWindow.x;
    	trackBox.y = point.y + searchWindow.y;
    	model = gray(trackBox);
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char * argv[])
    {
    	VideoCapture capture;
    	capture.open("david.mpg");
    	bool fromfile = true;
    	//Init camera
    	if (!capture.isOpened())
    	{
    		cout << "capture device failed to open!" << endl;
    		return -1;
    	}
    	//Register mouse callback to draw the bounding box
    	cvNamedWindow("Tracker", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    	cvSetMouseCallback("Tracker", mouseHandler, NULL ); 
    
    	Mat frame, model;
    	capture >> frame;
    	while(!gotBB)
    	{
    		if (!fromfile)
    			capture >> frame;
    
    		imshow("Tracker", frame);
    		if (cvWaitKey(20) == 'q')
    			return 1;
    	}
    	//Remove callback
    	cvSetMouseCallback("Tracker", NULL, NULL ); 
    	
    	Mat gray;
    	cvtColor(frame, gray, CV_RGB2GRAY); 
    	model = gray(box);
    
    	int frameCount = 0;
    
    	while (1)
    	{
    		capture >> frame;
    		if (frame.empty())
    			return -1;
    		double t = (double)cvGetTickCount();
    		frameCount++;
    
    		// tracking
    		tracking(frame, model, box);	
    
    		// show
    		stringstream buf;
    		buf << frameCount;
    		string num = buf.str();
    		putText(frame, num, Point(20, 20), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3);
    		rectangle(frame, box, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3);
    		imshow("Tracker", frame);
    
    
    		t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t;
    		cout << "cost time: " << t / ((double)cvGetTickFrequency()*1000.) << endl;
    
    		if ( cvWaitKey(1) == 27 )
    			break;
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

      

  • 相关阅读:
    软件项目功能测试框架(转载自51Testing软件测试)
    【性能测试】服务器资源监测工具sar安装
    Fiddler对https抓包时,提示"HTTPS decryption is disabled."原因及破解
    Postgresql空库发布或者部分空库,模式,表处理备份流程
    PostgreSQL完整备份与还原过程
    Excel:一列是源值随机加减某随机值,变为另一列的数值
    Postgresql个人维护库时,出现有用户在连接又找不到这个用户是谁的强制中断连接的方法;
    切换或者用户登录时 出现 显示 -bash-4.2$ 问题 的解决
    postgresql 9.4.4 源码安装
    搜索项中,文案修改导致搜索无法使用
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/573177885qq/p/4666336.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看