以下操作，基于 mysql 5.5.31 版本源码安装配置。
修改 /etc/my.cnf 中 [mysqld] 中添加如下行
# 5.3 一下的配置
log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysql-slow.log # 慢消息的记录
long_query_time=3 # 慢消息的阀值
log-queries-not-using-indexes # 记录不使用索引的查询
# 5.3+ 配置
long_query_time=3 # 慢消息的阀值
slow-query-log=ON
slow-query-log-file=/var/log/mysql-slow.log
参考链接：
http://blog.51yip.com/mysql/972.html
一，为什么要开启这个查询呢？
数据库是很容易产生瓶颈的地方，现在Nosql大家讨论这么热，估计都被数据库搞郁闷了。mysql中最影响速度的就是那些查询非常慢的语句，这些慢的语句，可能是写的不够合理或者是大数据下多表的联合查询等等，所以我们要找出这些语句，分析原因，加以优化。这也是发这篇博文的原因
二，开启mysql的慢查询
方法1，用命令开启慢查询
- mysql> show variables like "%long%"; //查看一下默认为慢查询的时间10秒
- +-----------------+-----------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-----------------+-----------+
- | long_query_time | 10.000000 |
- +-----------------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set global long_query_time=2; //设置成2秒，加上global,下次进mysql已然生效
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "%slow%"; //查看一下慢查询是不是已经开启
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | log_slow_queries | OFF |
- | slow_launch_time | 2 |
- | slow_query_log | OFF |
- | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set slow_query_log='ON'; //加上global，不然会报错的。
- ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'slow_query_log' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL
- mysql> set global slow_query_log='ON'; //启用慢查询
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "%slow%"; //查看是否已经开启
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | log_slow_queries | ON |
- | slow_launch_time | 2 |
- | slow_query_log | ON |
- | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
方法2,修改mysql的配置文件my.cnf
在[mysqld]里面加上以下内容
- long_query_time = 2
- log-slow-queries = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
重起一下
/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld restart
三，分析工具
分析工具干什么事的呢，其实就是把mysql-slow.log里面记录下来的数据，分析一下显示出来。其实自己写一个shell脚本也是可以把要的信息取出来的。我们来看一下mysql-slow.log里面到底是什么东西
- [root@BlackGhost mysql]# cat mysql-slow.log //查看命令
- /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld, Version: 5.1.26-rc-log (Source distribution). started with:
- Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
- Time Id Command Argument
- # Time: 100814 13:28:30
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 10.096500 Lock_time: 0.045791 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 2374192
- SET timestamp=1281763710;
- select count(distinct ad_code) as x from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where media_id=15);
- # Time: 100814 13:37:02
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 10.394134 Lock_time: 0.000091 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 2374192
- SET timestamp=1281764222;
- select count(distinct ad_code) as x from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where media_id=15);
- # Time: 100814 13:37:16
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 4.608920 Lock_time: 0.000078 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 1260544
- SET timestamp=1281764236;
- select count(*) as cou from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where id=41) order by id desc;
看到了，就是记录一下sql语句的执行情况，包括执行时间，锁定时间等，所以要不要分析工具看个人情况，分析工具很多，在这儿只说一下mysql自带的慢查询分析工具mysqldumpslow的使用方法。
- [root@BlackGhost bin]# mysqldumpslow -h
- Option h requires an argument
- ERROR: bad option
- Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
- Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
- --verbose verbose
- --debug debug
- --help write this text to standard output
- -v verbose
- -d debug //查错
- -s ORDER what to sort by (t, at, l, al, r, ar etc), 'at' is default //排序方式query次数，时间，lock的时间和返回的记录数来排序
- -r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first) //倒排序
- -t NUM just show the top n queries //显示前N多个
- -a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
- -n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names //抽象的数字，至 少有n位内的名称
- -g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string //配置模式
- -h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard), //mysql所以机器名或者IP
- default is '*', i.e. match all
- -i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
- -l don't subtract lock time from total time //总时间中不减去锁定时间
例子：
[root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
[root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 -g 'count' /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
常见错误
1、启动后未见日志文件生成，请检查mysql的错误日志
show variables like '%log_error%';
即可找到错误文件，看看里面是否有 warning 与 error 的错误，如果存在，则对应调整参数即可。
2、出现“131219 13:00:39 [Warning] The syntax '--log-slow-queries' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--slow-query-log'/'--slow-query-log-file' instead.” 的错误时
根据提示是说 log-slow-queries 以后会移除，建议采用 slow-query-log 和 slow-query-log-file 代替。
OK，按照提示做即可。