之前的文章中我们已经创建过bindings,代码如下:
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: ROUTING_KEY, arguments: null);
绑定(bindings)是指交换机(exchange)与队列(queue)之间的关系。可以简单的理解为:队列(queue)对所绑定的交换机(exchange)上的消息感兴趣,交换机(exchange)要把它接收到的消息推送到队列(queue)中。
绑定的时候需要带上一个额外的参数routingKey,为避免与BasicPublish中的路由键(routing key)参数混淆,我们称之为绑定键(binding key),以下是如何创建一个绑定。
channel.QueueBind(queue: queue, exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: "error", arguments: null);
注意:
- 参数routingKey为空时,也是一个绑定键
- 绑定键的意义依赖于exchange type。如:如果exchange type 为 fanout 时,绑定键没有任何意义。
直连交换机(direct exchange)
在之前的发布订阅中我们已经讲到直连交换机,我们了解到直连交换机的工作方式为——交换机(exchange)会对绑定键(binding key)与 路由键(routing key)进行精确匹配,然后将消息发送到能够匹配成功的队列中。
下图能够很好的描述整个场景:
在这个场景中,可以看出直连交换机X和队列(Q1与Q2)进行了绑定。Q1队列使用orange为绑定键(binding key),Q2有两个绑定,分别以black和green作为绑定键(binding key)。
这样以来,当路由键为orange的消息发送到交换机,就会被路由到队列Q1,路由键为black和green的下拍戏就会被路由到Q2,其它的消息将会被丢弃。
多重绑定(multiple bindings)
多重绑定即使用一个绑定键(binding key)绑定到多个队列,这是完全合法的,而且每个队列都能得到完全相同的信息。
示例
接下来我们就使用direct exchange完善之前的日志功能
1.日志级别为error的日志保存的到txt文件中
2.日志级别为log的日志输出到控制台面板
3.输出所有的日志到控制台面板
生产者 RoutingProducer.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using System.Threading;
namespace RabbitMQProducer
{
public class RoutingProducer
{
const string EXCHANGE_NAME = "ROUTING_EXCHANGE";
static readonly List<string> LEVELS = new List<string>() { "error", "log" };
public static void Send()
{
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
//创建交换机类型为 direct 的交换机
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, type: ExchangeType.Direct);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
string level = GetLevels();
string message = $"日志信息:{i}——日志等级:{level}";
//发送消息至之前创建的交换机,并设置路由键为 日志级别
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: level, basicProperties: null, body: Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));
Console.WriteLine(message);
}
Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
private static string GetLevels()
{
return LEVELS[new Random().Next(0, 2)];
}
}
}
消费者 RoutingConsumer.cs
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System.IO;
namespace RabbitMQConsumer
{
public class RoutingConsumer
{
const string EXCHANGE_NAME = "ROUTING_EXCHANGE";
/// <summary>
/// 是否使用多重绑定将所有日志级别消息输出到控制台
/// 默认只是输出日志级别为log的内容到控制台
/// </summary>
/// <param name="all"></param>
public static void Log(bool all = false)
{
var factory = new ConnectionFactory()
{
HostName = "127.0.0.1"
};
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, type: ExchangeType.Direct);
//每次运行consumer客户端都创建一个新的queue,并且绑定到对应的exchange,这样使每次发送消息到exchange时就能把消息由exchange传递到所绑定的queue
QueueDeclareOk queue = channel.QueueDeclare();
string queueName = queue.QueueName;
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: "log", arguments: null);
if (all)
{
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: "error", arguments: null);
}
EventingBasicConsumer consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (sender, e) =>
{
string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Body);
Console.WriteLine($"LOG——日志信息:{message}");
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);
Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
public static void Error()
{
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "127.0.0.1" };
using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
{
using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
//创建交换机类型为 direct 的交换机
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, type: ExchangeType.Direct);
//创建一个未命名的新的消息队列,该队列名称有系统自动分配,并且为非持久化,在该队列没有订阅时自动删除的排它队列
QueueDeclareOk queue = channel.QueueDeclare();
string queueName = queue.QueueName;
//绑定exchange 与 queue 并设置路由键为日志级别error
channel.QueueBind(queue: queue, exchange: EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey: "error", arguments: null);
EventingBasicConsumer consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (sender, arg) =>
{
string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(arg.Body);
//写入日志到txt文件
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"c:loglog.txt", true, Encoding.UTF8))
{
writer.WriteLine(message);
writer.Close();
}
};
channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, noAck: true, consumer: consumer);
}
}
}
}
}