Django 小实例S1 简易学生选课管理系统 10 老师课程业务实现

Django 小实例S1 简易学生选课管理系统 第10节——老师课程业务实现
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作者自我介绍：b站小UP主，时常直播编程+红警三，python1对1辅导老师。

课程模块中，老师将要使用到的功能有：

• 创建课程
• 添加、删除课程时刻表
• 查看课程列表
• 操作课程：修改状态，给学生打分

这里一个一个实现

首先，在course/views.py中将课程的模型类全部导入，以便后面使用

from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse

1 - 创建课程

首先需要实现的是创建课程的表单，
新建course/forms.py如下

from django import forms
from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse


class CourseForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Course
        exclude = ['status', 'teacher']

同时对于新建课程的请求，在constants.py中添加一个非法请求的响应如下

INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD = "Invalid request method."

新建对应模板templates/course/teacher/create_course.html如下

{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}创建课程{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <h3>创建课程</h3>
    <div class="form create-update-from">
        <form method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{form.as_p}}
            <div class="submit-button">
                <input type="submit" value="创建"/>
                <input type="button" value="返回"  onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' "teacher"%}")' />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

再在course/views.py中导入CourseForm类和INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD常量，然后添加代码如下

def create_course(request):
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    info = {
        "name": user.name,
        "kind": "teacher",
    }

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = CourseForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            obj = form.save(commit=False)
            obj.status = 1
            obj.teacher = user

            obj.save()
            return redirect(reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
    elif request.method == 'GET':
        form = CourseForm()
    else:
        return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)

    return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_course.html', {'info': info, 'form': form})

2 - 添加、删除课程时刻表

先需要实现的是添加课程时刻表的表单，

在course/forms.py中添加代码如下

class ScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Schedule
        exclude = ["course"]

新建对应模板templates/course/teacher/create_schedule.html如下

{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}创建时刻表{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <h3>创建时刻表:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[{{ course.id }}] {{ course.name }}</h3>
    <div class="form create-update-from">
        <form method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{form.as_p}}
            <div class="submit-button">
                <input type="submit" value="创建"/>
                <input type="button" value="返回"  onclick='window.open("{% url 'view_detail' course.id%}")' />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

在course/views.py中导入这个表单，
然后添加代码如下

def create_schedule(request, course_id):
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    info = {
        "name": user.name,
        "kind": "teacher",
    }

    course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ScheduleForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            obj = form.save(commit=False)
            obj.course = course
            obj.save()

            return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))
    elif request.method == 'GET':
        form = ScheduleForm()
    else:
        return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)

    return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_schedule.html', {'info': info, 'form': form, "course": course})


def delete_schedule(request, schedule_id):
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    schedule = Schedule.objects.get(pk=schedule_id)

    course_id = request.GET.get("course_id") or schedule.course.id

    schedule.delete()

    return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))

3 查看课程列表

在本项目中，老师和学生的个人主页就是其课程主页，将展示其所有课程列表。
为老师的课程主页添加模板templates/course/teacher/home.html如下

{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}HomePage{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="main-container">
        <div class="main-bar">
            <form class="search-form" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <input class="input" id="search-key" type="text" name="search" {% if search_key != None %}value="{{ search_key }}" {% endif %}/>
                <input class="button" type="submit" value="搜索课程" />
            </form>

            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="创建课程"  onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_course' %}")' />
        </div>
        <table class="item-list course-list">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th class="course-no">课程编号</th>
                    <th class="course-name">名称</th>
                    <th class="course-credit">学分</th>
                    <th class="course-number">当前人数<br>/总人数</th>
                    <th class="course-year">年份</th>
                    <th class="course-semester">学期</th>
                    <th class="course-status">状态</th>
                    <th class="course-operation">操作</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                {% for course in course_list %}
                    <tr id="course-id-{{ course.id }}">
                    <td class="course-no">{{ course.id }}</td>
                    <td class="course-name">{{ course.name }}</td>
                    <td class="course-credit">{{ course.credit }}</td>
                    <td class="course-number">{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
                    <td class="course-year">{{ course.year }}</td>
                    <td class="course-semester">{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
                    <td class="course-status">{{ course.get_status_text }}</td>
                    <td class="course-operation">
                        {% if course.status < 4 %}
                            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
                              onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id course.status %}"' />
                        {% endif %}
                        {% if course.status == 4 %}
                        {# 结课后给分 #}
                            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
                                   onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
                        {% else %}
                            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="查看详情"
                                   onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
                        {% endif %}
                    </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
            </tbody>

        </table>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

查看课程列表要写在老师的主页视图中
即修改course/views.py中的teacher_home如下

def teacher_home(request):
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    info = {
        "name": user.name,
        "kind": "teacher",
    }

    is_search = False
    search_key = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        search_key = request.POST.get("search")
        if search_key:
            is_search = True

    context = {"info": info}
    q = Q(teacher=user)
    if is_search:
        q = q & Q(name__icontains=search_key)
        context["search_key"] = search_key

    context["course_list"] = Course.objects.filter(q).order_by('status')

    return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', context)

里面使用了django.db.models.Q类，所以要在开头添加代码from django.db.models import Q导入这个类

补充说明：这里面还实现了一个搜索框，能够根据关键词去搜索课程。
为了不使用js，搜索框的信息是通过post表单信息来提交的。

4 操作课程

老师在课程主页，可以进行常规的课程状态修改：
开始选课，结束选课，结课。
而打分则需要在课程详情页去给。
所以这里一方面要实现一个课程主页的操作视图，
也要实现一个课程详情页视图，打分在本文第五部分去做。

先添加一个课程详情页的模板文件templates/course/teacher/course.html如下：

{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}课程详情{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <h3>课程详情<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="返回主页"
                   onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' 'teacher'%}")'/></h3>
    <table class="item-list detail-list">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>课程编号</th>
                <th>名称</th>
                <th>学分</th>
                <th>当前人数/总人数</th>
                <th>年份</th>
                <th>学期</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>{{ course.id }}</td>
                <td>{{ course.name }}</td>
                <td>{{ course.credit }}</td>
                <td>{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
                <td>{{ course.year }}</td>
                <td>{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>上课时间<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="添加时间表" onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_schedule' course.id%}")'/></h3>
    <table class="item-list schedule-list">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th class="schedule-no">编号</th>
                <th class="schedule-no">详情</th>
                <th class="schedule-no">操作</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            {% for schedule in schedules %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ schedule.id }}</td>
                <td>{{ schedule }}</td>
                <td>
                    <input class="button" type="button" value="删除"
                           onclick='window.open("{% url 'delete_schedule' schedule.id%}?course_id={{ course.id }}")'/>
                </td>
            </tr>
            {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>

    <h3>学生列表
        {% if course.status == 4 %}
            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="给分完成" onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id 4%}"' />
        {% endif %}
    </h3>
    <table class="item-list student-list">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th class="student-no">学生学号</th>
                <th class="student-name">学生姓名</th>
                <th class="student-email">学生邮箱</th>
                <th class="student-score">得分</th>
                <th class="student-comments">评价</th>
                <th class="operation">操作</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            {% for cs in course_students %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ cs.student.get_id}}</td>
                <td>{{ cs.student.name }}</td>
                <td>{{ cs.student.email }}</td>
                <td>
                    {% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
                    {% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.scores }}{% endif %}
                </td>
                <td>
                    {% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
                    {% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.comments }}{% endif %}
                </td>
                <td class="operation">
                    {% if course.status == 4 %}
                        {% if cs.scores == None %}
                            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="给分"
                               onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}"' />
                        {% else %}
                            <input class="button right-button" type="button" value="修改成绩"
                               onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}?update=1"' />
                        {% endif %}
                    {% else %}
                        -
                    {% endif %}
                </td>
            </tr>
            {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>

    {% if course.status == 5 %}
    <h3>学生评价</h3>
    <table class="item-list student-list">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th class="student-score">学生评分</th>
                <th class="student-comments">学生评价</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            {% for cs in sorted_course_students %}
            {% if cs.rating != None %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ cs.rating }}</td>
                <td>{{ cs.assessment }}</td>
            </tr>
            {% endif %}
            {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

在course/views.py中添加代码如下

def handle_course(request, course_id, handle_kind):
    """
    :param request:
    :param course_id:
    :param handle_kind:
            1: "开始选课",
            2: "结束选课",
            3: "结课",
            4: "给分完成"
    :return:
    """
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    info = {
        "name": user.name,
        "kind": "teacher",
    }

    course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
    if course.status == handle_kind and course.status < 5:
        if course.status == 4:
            scs = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
            all_given = True
            res = ""
            for sc in scs:
                if sc.scores is None:
                    all_given = False
                    res += "<div>%s 未打分</div>" % sc.student

            if all_given:
                course.status += 1
                course.save()
                return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course.id}))
            else:
                return HttpResponse(res)
        else:
            course.status += 1
            course.save()

    course_list = Course.objects.filter(teacher=user)
    return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', {'info': info, 'course_list': course_list})


def view_detail(request, course_id):
    user = get_user(request, "teacher")
    if not user:
        return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))

    info = {
        "name": user.name,
        "kind": "teacher",
    }

    course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
    c_stu_list = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
    sche_list = Schedule.objects.filter(course=course)

    context = {
        "info": info,
        "course": course,
        "course_students": c_stu_list,
        "schedules": sche_list
    }

    if course.status == 5:
        sorted_cs_list = sorted(c_stu_list, key=lambda cs: cs.scores)
        context["sorted_course_students"] = sorted_cs_list

    return render(request, "course/teacher/course.html", context)

5 打分

学生的分数是记录在学生课程关系表中的，
在学生选课成功后会新建一条对应的数据。
给分，则是修改其中的分数字段，即对学生课程表模型进行更新。

这里我们首选CBVs中的UpdateView,
不过要先给这个视图建立一个表单，在course/forms.py中添加代码如下

class ScoreForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = StudentCourse
        fields = ["student", "course", "scores", "comments"]

    student = forms.CharField(label="学生", disabled=True)
    # course = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly': 'readonly'}))
    course = forms.CharField(label="课程", disabled=True)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.initial['student'] = self.instance.student
        self.initial['course'] = self.instance.course

    def clean_student(self):
        return self.initial['student']

    def clean_course(self):
        return self.initial['course']

新建course/cbvs.py如下：

from django.views.generic.edit import DeleteView, CreateView, UpdateView
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.shortcuts import render, reverse, redirect

# Relative import of GeeksModel
from .models import Schedule, StudentCourse
from .forms import ScoreForm


class ScoreUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = StudentCourse
    form_class = ScoreForm
    template_name = 'course/teacher/score.html'

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.object = self.get_object()

        title = "给分"
        if request.GET.get("update"):
            title = "修改成绩"

        info = {}
        return_url = reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})
        if self.object:
            teacher = self.object.course.teacher
            info = {
                "name": teacher.name,
                "kind": "teacher",
            }
            return_url = reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})

        return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(info=info, title=title, return_url=return_url))

    def get_success_url(self):
        if self.object:
            return reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})
        else:
            return reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})

同时补上其对应的模板文件templates/course/teacher/score.html如下

{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    <h3>{{ title }}</h3>
    <div class="form create-update-from">
        <form method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{form.as_p}}
            <div class="submit-button">
                <input type="submit" value="确定"/>
                <input type="button" value="返回"  onclick='location.href="{{ return_url }}"' />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

5 添加url

上面已经把老师需要的视图方法全部实现完毕了，接下来就是添加到路由里面。
修改后的course/urls.py如下

from django.urls import path
from course.views import *
from course.cbvs import ScoreUpdateView


urlpatterns = [
    path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
    path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
    path('teacher/create_course', create_course, name="create_course"),
    path('teacher/view_detail/<int:course_id>', view_detail, name="view_detail"),
    path('teacher/create_schedule/<int:course_id>', create_schedule, name="create_schedule"),
    path('teacher/delete_schedule/<int:schedule_id>', delete_schedule, name="delete_schedule"),
    path('teacher/score/<int:pk>', ScoreUpdateView.as_view(), name="score"),
    path('teacher/handle_course/<int:course_id>/<int:handle_kind>', handle_course, name="handle_course"),
]

6 效果

创建课程页面：

教师主页：

教师课程详情页：

添加课程时刻表页面：