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  • golang

    golang
    https://github.com/golang/go
    http://golang.org/
    https://golang.org/doc/install
    https://go.googlesource.com/go
    
    官方下载:
    https://golang.org/dl/
    [macOS] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.darwin-amd64.pkg
    [linux] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [win64] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.windows-amd64.msi
    [source] https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.7.1.src.tar.gz
    
    国内下载:
    http://www.golangtc.com/download
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.darwin-amd64.pkg
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.darwin-amd64.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.freebsd-386.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.linux-386.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.src.tar.gz
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-386.msi
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-386.zip
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-amd64.msi
    http://www.golangtc.com/static/go/1.7rc3/go1.7rc3.windows-amd64.zip
    http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hq1mrDM
    
    
    
    ----------------
    安装Go语言
    ----------------
    
    方式一:利用管理工具(可能不包含go源码或者源码位置分开,导致工具不能使用,不建议作为开发使用)
    Homebrew (mac)
    $ brew install go --cross-compile-all
    $ ls `go env GOROOT`/pkg
    
    apt-get (ubuntu)
    $ apt-get install golang
    
    
    方式二:官方二进制分发包(推荐)
    支持平台众多,参见前面“国内下载”。
    
    linux是tar.gz包手动解压到/usr/local/:
    $ sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.7rc3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    
    mac平台的pkg向导也会将go安装在/usr/local/
    windows平台的msi,会将GO安装C:盘(C:Go),并且GOPATH为C:GoGOPATH,在“系统属性 - 高级 - 环境变量”中配置它们。
    
    为mac和linux配置环境变量(GOROOT、PATH、GOPATH)
    GOROOT
    $ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.bash_profile
    $ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
    $ echo 'export GOROOT="/usr/local/go"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
    PATH
    $ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
    $ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
    $ echo 'export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
    GOPATH
    用于go查找、安装go包,可用英文冒号(windows是分号)分隔多个路径。
    $ mkdir -p $HOME/Developer/gopath
    然后
    $ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.bash_profile
    $ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.bashrc        # Ubuntu Desktop
    $ echo 'export GOPATH="$HOME/Developer/gopath"' >> ~/.zshrc         # Zsh
    如果将来需要使用 $GOPATH/bin 中的工具,可以将它也加入到PATH中,
    或者将其中常用的命令创建文件软链接到PATH指向的目录(如/usr/local/bin)里。
    
    安装完成
    重启终端(或者用source重新载入你的启动配置文件)
    $ go version        // 查看go版本
    go version go1.7rc3 darwin/amd64
    $ go env            // 查看go环境
    
    
    例子
    创建一个测试文件 hello.go,内容:
    package main
    
    import "fmt"
    
    // main
    func main() {
        fmt.Println("Hello World!")
    }
    
    $ go run hello.go
    Hello World!
    $ go build hello.go
    $ ./hello
    Hello World!
    
    
    ----------------
    配置开发工具
    ----------------
    使用go get安装:
    go get -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
    go get -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
    go get -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
    go get -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
    go get -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    go get -u -v github.com/tpng/gopkgs
    go get -u -v github.com/newhook/go-symbols
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go get -u -v github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter
    
    使用gopm代替go get
    https://gopm.io/download
    国内无法下载某些包的时候,可以在这里获得。
    然后手动复制到$GOPATH/src对应的目录结构中,用 go install 命令安装。
    有个更方便的工具gopm:
    https://github.com/gpmgo/gopm
    $ go get -u github.com/gpmgo/gopm
    (假设GOPATH只有一个目录)
    如果常用到gopm,建议创建软链接到PATH指向的目录,如:
    $ ln -s $GOPATH/bin/gopm /usr/local/bin/gopm
    否则可以临时设置PATH变量:
    $ export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
    C:> start cmd /k path "%GOPATH%in";%PATH%
    使用gopm get代替go get获得包:
    (注意:其中-g表示下载包到~/.gopm/repos后拷贝到$GOPATH/src中)
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
    gopm get -g -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
    gopm get -g -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/tpng/gopkgs
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/newhook/go-symbols
    gopm get -g -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    gopm get -g -u -v github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter
    然后使用go install安装包:
    (注意:如果使用go get就不需要再执行一次install,但是gopm需要)
    go install github.com/nsf/gocode
    go install github.com/rogpeppe/godef
    go install github.com/golang/lint/golint
    go install github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
    go install sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    go install github.com/tpng/gopkgs
    go install github.com/newhook/go-symbols
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go install github.com/nsf/gocode
    go install github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter
    
    有些包可能仍然无效(假如 goreturns),可以到github中搜索(找到 github.com/sqs/goreturns),
    然后用go get命令安装,如果失败,用gopm get -g加go install命令安装它。
    再不行,到 https://gopm.io/download 中搜索,手动解压复制到 $GOPATH/src 后,go install安装。
    
    注:Windows下载安装某些64位程序可能需要64位版本的gcc支持。
    下载MinGW64:http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/latest/download?source=files
    运行安装向导,在Settings页里选择Architecture为x86_64,在Installation folder页更改为C:mingw-w64。
    安装完成后,将环境变量PATH中加入C:mingw-w64mingw64in
    然后go-sqlite3就能被下载和正确编译了:
    C:> go get -u -v github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
    github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 (download)
    github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
    
    golang tools
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools
    如果不能连接,可以用github的镜像
    go get -v github.com/golang/tools
    go get -v github.com/golang/net
    go get -v github.com/golang/crypto
    然后创建目录在$GOPATH/golang.org/x,并将tools移动进去
    mv $GOPATH/src/github.com/golang/net $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/
    mv $GOPATH/src/github.com/golang/crypto $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/
    根据godoc的介绍用go install命令安装:https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools
    go install golang.org/x/tools/benchmark/parse
    go install golang.org/x/tools/blog
    go install golang.org/x/tools/blog/atom
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/benchcmp
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/bundle
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/callgraph
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/compilebench
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/digraph
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/eg
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/fiximports
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godex
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gomvpkg
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goyacc
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru/serial
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/heapview
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/html2article
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/present
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/ssadump
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stress
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/tip
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/toolstash
    go install golang.org/x/tools/container/intsets
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cover
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/buildutil
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/cha
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/rta
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/callgraph/static
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/analysis
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/redirect
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/static
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/util
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/gatefs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/httpfs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/mapfs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/zipfs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gccgoexportdata
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gcexportdata
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/gcimporter15
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/internal/gccgoimporter
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/loader
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/pointer
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/interp
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa/ssautil
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/types/typeutil
    go install golang.org/x/tools/go/vcs
    go install golang.org/x/tools/imports
    go install golang.org/x/tools/playground
    go install golang.org/x/tools/playground/socket
    go install golang.org/x/tools/present
    go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/eg
    go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/importgraph
    go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/rename
    go install golang.org/x/tools/refactor/satisfy
    
    
    备份$gopath/src(排除m2nlight目录)
    7za a -mx=9 ~/Desktop/gopath_`date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S`_src.7z $GOPATH/src -xr!m2nlight/
    在桌面生成文件如:gopath_2016-07-31-11-26-51_src.7z
    
    
    TextMate
    设置中将Variables的PATH设置为:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
    用TextMate打开hello.go文件,它会提示安装go插件,也可以手动在
    设置 - Bundles 中搜索 go 进行安装。
    按CMD+R查看编译运行结果。
    
    
    Sublime Text 3
    所有扩展的配置,都是在对应的配置文件中指定GOPATH和(或)GOROOT
    安装扩展包:GoSublime、Golang Build和Golang Tools Integration
    [1]配置GoSublime:
    Sublime Text - Preferences - Package Settings - GoSublime - Settings User
    {
        "env": {
            "GOROOT": "/usr/local/go",
            "GOPATH": "/Users/yourname/Developer/gopath"
        }
    }
    注意GOPATH路径:mac是/Users/yourname,linux是/home/yourname,windows是C:\Go\GOPATH
    windows的GOROOT路径是C:\Go
    GoSublime技巧:按CMD+..或者Ctrl+..显示GoSublime的快捷键列表。
    [2]配置Golang Build:
    Sublime Text - Preferences - Package Settings - Golang Config - Settings User
    {
        "PATH": "/usr/local/go/bin",
        "GOROOT": "/usr/local/go",
        "GOPATH": "/Users/YOURNAME/Developer/gopath"
    }
    注意GOPATH路径:mac是/Users/yourname,linux是/home/yourname,windows是C:\Go\GOPATH
    windows的GOROOT路径是C:\Go,PATH路径是C:\Go\bin
    按CMD+B,选择Go - Run查看结果。CMD+SHIFT+B可重新选择编译条件。
    [3]关于Golang Tools Integration:
    安装工具:(粘贴到终端)
    go get github.com/nsf/gocode
    go get github.com/golang/lint/golint
    go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
    go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    以及保存时格式化、代码着色增强等。
    
    
    VSCode
    安装Go扩展,如果能访问golang,可以用一条命令安装全部工具:
    按Ctrl+Shift+P输入:Go:Install/Update Tools
    
    go get -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
    go get -u -v github.com/uudashr/gopkgs/cmd/gopkgs
    go get -u -v github.com/ramya-rao-a/go-outline
    go get -u -v github.com/acroca/go-symbols
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    go get -u -v github.com/fatih/gomodifytags
    go get -u -v github.com/haya14busa/goplay/cmd/goplay
    go get -u -v github.com/josharian/impl
    go get -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
    go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
    go get -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
    go get -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
    go get -u -v github.com/cweill/gotests
    go get -u -v github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
    
    go install github.com/nsf/gocode
    go install github.com/uudashr/gopkgs/cmd/gopkgs
    go install github.com/ramya-rao-a/go-outline
    go install github.com/acroca/go-symbols
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
    go install github.com/fatih/gomodifytags
    go install github.com/haya14busa/goplay/cmd/goplay
    go install github.com/josharian/impl
    go install github.com/rogpeppe/godef
    go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc
    go install sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
    go install github.com/golang/lint/golint
    go install github.com/cweill/gotests
    go install github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
    
    All tools successfully installed. You're ready to Go :).
    
    调试工具支持(可选安装,详细见Go扩展)
    安装delve(https://github.com/derekparker/delve/tree/master/Documentation/installation)
    ### mac ###
    $ brew install go-delve/delve/delve
    $ dlv version
    Delve Debugger
    Version: 0.11.0-alpha
    Build: v0.11.0
    注意:homebrew安装不需要手动创建证书dlv-cert,它会被自动创建,但是删除的时候需要手动删除dev-cert证书:
        $ brew uninstall delve
        $ sudo security delete-certificate -t -c dlv-cert /Library/Keychains/System.keychain
    ### linux ###
    $ go get -v github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
    $ dlv version
    ### windows ###
    C:> go get github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
    C:> C:gogopathindlv.exe version
    
    回到VSCode,点击左侧的调试功能,在调试窗格右上角点设置,从列表里选择Go
    会出现launch.json配置文件,输入配置如下:
    {
        "version": "0.2.0",
        "configurations": [
            {
                "name": "Launch",
                "type": "go",
                "request": "launch",
                "mode": "debug",
                "remotePath": "",
                "port": 2345,
                "host": "127.0.0.1",
                "program": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "env": {},
                "args": []
            },
            {
                "name": "Remote",
                "type": "go",
                "request": "launch",
                "mode": "remote",
                "remotePath": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "port": 2345,
                "host": "127.0.0.1",
                "program": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "env": {},
                "args": []
            }
        ]
    }
    以上配置了两个调试功能,Launch和Remote
    以Remote为例
    在工作目录运行远程调试命令:
    $ dlv debug --headless --listen=:2345 --log
    然后在VSCode的Debug窗格里选择Remote。
    设置断点,按F5开始调试。(SHIFT+F5结束调试)
    
    
    
    ------------
    跨平台编译
    ------------
    (1)未安装gox情况
    如果没使用cgo,go本身就支持跨平台编译,设置GOOS和GOARCH即可。
    ------------------------------------------------------
    GOOS        GOARCH            OS version
    ------------------------------------------------------
    linux       386/amd64/arm     >= Linux 2.6
    darwin      386/amd64         OS X (Snow Leopard + Lion)
    freebsd     386/amd64         >= FreeBSD 7
    windows     386/amd64         >= Windows 2000
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Mac下编译Win64:
    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
    
    Linux下编译Win64:
    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
    
    Win下编译Mac:
    SET CGO_ENABLED=0
    SET GOOS=darwin
    SET GOARCH=amd64
    go build main.go
    
    Win下编译Linux 64:
    SET CGO_ENABLED=0
    SET GOOS=linux
    SET GOARCH=amd64
    go build main.go
    
    (2)安装gox情况
    $ go install github.com/mitchellh/gox
    $ gox -h //查看帮助
    
    直接在当前目录按{{.Dir}}_{{.OS}}_{{.Arch}}格式生成所有跨平台版本的程序:
    $ cd $GOPATH/src/myproj
    $ gox
    
    通过output可指定输出模板,-os可指定操作系统,如下:
    $ gox -os="windows darwin linux" -output="./bin/{{.OS}}_{{.Arch}}/{{.Dir}}"
    
    
    ------------
    vendor 管理
    ------------
    安装govendor(https://github.com/kardianos/govendor)
    它能方便的管理包路径
    $ go get -u -v github.com/kardianos/govendor
    $ govendor -version
    v1.0.9
    用法:
    $ cd $GOPATH/src/myproj
    $ govendor init           # 在项目文件夹产生 vendor/vendor.json
    $ govendor add +external  # 添加$GOPATH中的依赖包到 vendor
    $ govendor update +vendor # 从$GOPATH中更新依赖包到 vendor
    $ govendor fetch +out     # 从网络拉取依赖的包
    # 拉取指定版本的包
    $ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@a4bbce9fcae005b22ae5443f6af064d80a6f5a55
    $ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@v1   # Get latest v1.*.* tag or branch.
    $ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@=v1  # Get the tag or branch named "v1".
    $ govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context    # 更新包
    $ govendor list           # 显示包,可以用 -v fmt 参数查看某个包的详细依赖
    $ govendor update -uncommitted <updated-package-import-path> # 仅仅测试被改变的依赖包,但不真正更新 vendor
    编辑 vendor/vendor.json 文件,在ignore字段可加入忽略的包,用空格分割,如:"ignore": "test appengine"
    $ govendor fmt +local     # Format your repository only
    $ govendor install +local # Build everything in your repository only
    $ govendor test +local    # Test your repository only
    说明:
    +local 	l 	本地包,即项目自身的包组织
    +external 	e 	外部包,即被 $GOPATH 管理,但不在 vendor 目录下
    +vendor 	v 	已被 govendor 管理,即在 vendor 目录下
    +std 	s 	标准库中的包
    +unused 	u 	未使用的包,即包在 vendor 目录下,但项目并没有用到
    +missing 	m 	代码引用了依赖包,但该包并没有找到
    +program 	p 	主程序包,意味着可以编译为执行文件
    +outside 	  	外部包和缺失的包
    +all 	  	所有的包
    命令:
    init 	初始化 vendor 目录
    list 	列出所有的依赖包
    add 	添加包到 vendor 目录,如 govendor add +external 添加所有外部包
    add PKG_PATH 	添加指定的依赖包到 vendor 目录
    update 	从 $GOPATH 更新依赖包到 vendor 目录
    remove 	从 vendor 管理中删除依赖
    status 	列出所有缺失、过期和修改过的包
    fetch 	添加或更新包到本地 vendor 目录
    sync 	本地存在 vendor.json 时候拉去依赖包,匹配所记录的版本
    get 	类似 go get 目录,拉取依赖包到 vendor 目录
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Bob-wei/p/5671937.html
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