【转】如何得到硬盘序列号？.NET版本[C#]

硬盘序列号（Serial Number）不等于卷标号（Volume Name），后者虽然很容易得到，但是格式化分区后就会重写，不可靠。遗憾的是很多朋友往往分不清这一点。

要得到硬盘的物理序列号，可以通过WMI，也就是Win32_PhysicalMedia.SerialNumber。可惜的是Windows 98/ME的WMI并不支持这个类，访问时会出现异常。

受陆麟的例子的启发，我们还可以通过S.M.A.R.T.接口，直接从RING3调用 API DeviceIoControl()来获取硬盘信息，而不需要写VXD或者DRIVER。这样这个问题就解决了，我对它进行了封装，大量使用了 P/Invoke技术，一个完整的Library。支持Windows 98-2003。

使用上很简单：

HardDiskInfo hdd = AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo(0); // 第一个硬盘
Console.WriteLine("Module Number: {0}", hdd.ModuleNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Serial Number: {0}", hdd.SerialNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Firmware: {0}", hdd.Firmware);
Console.WriteLine("Capacity: {0} M", hdd.Capacity);

下面是全部代码：

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

namespace Sunmast.Hardware
{
    [Serializable]
    public struct HardDiskInfo
    {
        /// 
        /// 型号
        /// 
        public string ModuleNumber;
        /// 
        /// 固件版本
        /// 
        public string Firmware;
        /// 
        /// 序列号
        /// 
        public string SerialNumber;
        /// 
        /// 容量，以M为单位
        /// 
        public uint Capacity;
    }

    #region Internal Structs

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
    internal struct GetVersionOutParams
    {
        public byte bVersion;
        public byte bRevision;
        public byte bReserved;
        public byte bIDEDeviceMap;
        public uint fCapabilities;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)]
        public uint[] dwReserved; // For future use.
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
    internal struct IdeRegs
    {
        public byte bFeaturesReg;
        public byte bSectorCountReg;
        public byte bSectorNumberReg;
        public byte bCylLowReg;
        public byte bCylHighReg;
        public byte bDriveHeadReg;
        public byte bCommandReg;
        public byte bReserved;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
    internal struct SendCmdInParams
    {
        public uint cBufferSize;
        public IdeRegs irDriveRegs;
        public byte bDriveNumber;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)]
        public byte[] bReserved;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)]
        public uint[] dwReserved;
        public byte bBuffer;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
    internal struct DriverStatus
    {
        public byte bDriverError;
        public byte bIDEStatus;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)]
        public byte[] bReserved;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)]
        public uint[] dwReserved;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
    internal struct SendCmdOutParams
    {
        public uint cBufferSize;
        public DriverStatus DriverStatus;
        public IdSector bBuffer;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1, Size=512)]
    internal struct IdSector
    {
        public ushort wGenConfig;
        public ushort wNumCyls;
        public ushort wReserved;
        public ushort wNumHeads;
        public ushort wBytesPerTrack;
        public ushort wBytesPerSector;
        public ushort wSectorsPerTrack;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)]
        public ushort[] wVendorUnique;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=20)]
        public byte[] sSerialNumber;
        public ushort wBufferType;
        public ushort wBufferSize;
        public ushort wECCSize;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=8)]
        public byte[] sFirmwareRev;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=40)]
        public byte[] sModelNumber;
        public ushort wMoreVendorUnique;
        public ushort wDoubleWordIO;
        public ushort wCapabilities;
        public ushort wReserved1;
        public ushort wPIOTiming;
        public ushort wDMATiming;
        public ushort wBS;
        public ushort wNumCurrentCyls;
        public ushort wNumCurrentHeads;
        public ushort wNumCurrentSectorsPerTrack;
        public uint ulCurrentSectorCapacity;
        public ushort wMultSectorStuff;
        public uint ulTotalAddressableSectors;
        public ushort wSingleWordDMA;
        public ushort wMultiWordDMA;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=128)]
        public byte[] bReserved;
    }

    #endregion

    /// 
    /// ATAPI驱动器相关
    /// 
    public class AtapiDevice
    {

        #region DllImport

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
        static extern int CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
        static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
            string lpFileName,
            uint dwDesiredAccess,
            uint dwShareMode,
            IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
            uint dwCreationDisposition,
            uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,
            IntPtr hTemplateFile);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        static extern int DeviceIoControl(
            IntPtr hDevice,
            uint dwIoControlCode,
            IntPtr lpInBuffer,
            uint nInBufferSize,
            ref GetVersionOutParams lpOutBuffer,
            uint nOutBufferSize,
            ref uint lpBytesReturned,
            [Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        static extern int DeviceIoControl(
            IntPtr hDevice,
            uint dwIoControlCode,
            ref SendCmdInParams lpInBuffer,
            uint nInBufferSize,
            ref SendCmdOutParams lpOutBuffer,
            uint nOutBufferSize,
            ref uint lpBytesReturned,
            [Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped);

        const uint DFP_GET_VERSION = 0x00074080;
        const uint DFP_SEND_DRIVE_COMMAND = 0x0007c084;
        const uint DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA = 0x0007c088;

        const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
        const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
        const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
        const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
        const uint Create_NEW = 1;
        const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

        #endregion

        #region GetHddInfo

        /// 
        /// 获得硬盘信息
        /// 
        /// 硬盘序号
        /// 硬盘信息
        /// 
        /// 参考lu0的文章：http://lu0s1.3322.org/App/2k1103.html
        /// by sunmast for everyone
        /// thanks lu0 for his great works
        /// 在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。
        /// 在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。
        /// 
        /// 
        /// AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo()
        /// 
        public static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo(byte driveIndex)
        {
            switch(Environment.OSVersion.Platform)
            {
                case PlatformID.Win32Windows:
                    return GetHddInfo9x(driveIndex);
                case PlatformID.Win32NT:
                    return GetHddInfoNT(driveIndex);
                case PlatformID.Win32S:
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Win32s is not supported.");
                case PlatformID.WinCE:
                    throw new NotSupportedException("WinCE is not supported.");
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Unknown Platform.");
            }
        }

        #region GetHddInfo9x

        private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo9x(byte driveIndex)
        {
            GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams();
            SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams();
            SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams();
            uint bytesReturned = 0;

            IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile(
                @"\\.\Smartvsd",
                0,
                0,
                IntPtr.Zero,
                Create_NEW,
                0,
                IntPtr.Zero);
            if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new Exception("Open smartvsd.vxd failed.");
            }
            if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
                hDevice,
                DFP_GET_VERSION,
                IntPtr.Zero,
                0,
                ref vers,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers),
                ref bytesReturned,
                IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed:DFP_GET_VERSION");
            }
            // If IDE identify command not supported, fails
            if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported.");
            }
            if (0 != (driveIndex & 1))
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0;
            }
            else
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xa0;
            }
            if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex)))
            {
                // We don't detect a ATAPI device.
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don't detect it",driveIndex + 1));
            }
            else
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec;
            }
            inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex;
            inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1;
            inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1;
            inParam.cBufferSize = 512;
            if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
                hDevice,
                DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA,
                ref inParam,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam),
                ref outParam,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam),
                ref bytesReturned,
                IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA");
            }
            CloseHandle(hDevice);

            return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer);
        }

        #endregion

        #region GetHddInfoNT

        private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfoNT(byte driveIndex)
        {
            GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams();
            SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams();
            SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams();
            uint bytesReturned = 0;

            // We start in NT/Win2000
            IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile(
                string.Format(@"\\.\PhysicalDrive{0}",driveIndex),
                GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
                FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                IntPtr.Zero,
                OPEN_EXISTING,
                0,
                IntPtr.Zero);
            if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                throw new Exception("CreateFile faild.");
            }
            if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
                hDevice,
                DFP_GET_VERSION,
                IntPtr.Zero,
                0,
                ref vers,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers),
                ref bytesReturned,
                IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} may not exists.",driveIndex + 1));
            }
            // If IDE identify command not supported, fails
            if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported.");
            }
            // Identify the IDE drives
            if (0 != (driveIndex & 1))
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0;
            }
            else
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg=0xa0;
            }
            if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex)))
            {
                // We don't detect a ATAPI device.
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don't detect it.",driveIndex + 1));
            }
            else
            {
                inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec;
            }
            inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex;
            inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1;
            inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1;
            inParam.cBufferSize = 512;

            if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
                hDevice,
                DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA,
                ref inParam,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam),
                ref outParam,
                (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam),
                ref bytesReturned,
                IntPtr.Zero))
            {
                CloseHandle(hDevice);
                throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA");
            }
            CloseHandle(hDevice);

            return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer);
        }

        #endregion

        private static HardDiskInfo GetHardDiskInfo(IdSector phdinfo)
        {
            HardDiskInfo hddInfo = new HardDiskInfo();

            ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sModelNumber);
            hddInfo.ModuleNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sModelNumber).Trim();

            ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev);
            hddInfo.Firmware = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev).Trim();

            ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sSerialNumber);
            hddInfo.SerialNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sSerialNumber).Trim();

            hddInfo.Capacity = phdinfo.ulTotalAddressableSectors / 2 / 1024;

            return hddInfo;
        }

        private static void ChangeByteOrder(byte[] charArray)
        {
            byte temp;
            for(int i = 0; i < charArray.Length; i += 2)
            {
                temp = charArray[i];
                charArray[i] = charArray[i+1];
                charArray[i+1] = temp;
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

注：

在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。
在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。
不要在装有SCSI硬盘的机器上尝试了，因为SCSI硬盘根本不存在序列号。