wp7.1 使用本地数据库

　　终于在Wp7.1中加入了数据库，使保存、查找、插入数据不再痛苦。在WP7中如果要做到这些，要么使用XML自已实现，要么使用第三方数据库，但是第三方数据库要么性能不好，要么占用空间太大，要么收费，现在总算有原生的本地数据库了。

1．  架构

　　这个本地数据库，不能直接支持Transact-SQL，需要通过LINQ to SQL 对象模型作为Proxy来操作数据库，为此引入了一个新的类System.Data.Linq.DataContext。这与windows mobile上的SQL CE有了很大的差别。

2．  LINQ to SQL

　　在Windows phone中，LINQ to SQL既不能直接支持执行Data Definition Language(DDL)也不支持Data Modeling Language(DML)，另外也不能直接访问ADO.NET。只能支持Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition (SQL CE)的数据类型。并且需要通过DataContext方式来操来数据库。

3．  支持的数据类型

数据类型	描述
bigint	Integer (whole number) data from –2^63 (–9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63–1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807). Storage size is 8 bytes.
integer	Integer (whole number) data from –2^31 (–2,147,483,648) through 2^31–1 (2,147,483,647). Storage size is 4 bytes.
smallint	Integer data from –32,768 to 32,767. Storage size is 2 bytes.
tinyint	Integer data from 0 to 255. Storage size is 1 byte.
bit	Integer data with a value of either 1 or 0. Storage size is 1 bit.
numeric (p, s) Synonyms: decimal(p,s) and dec (p,s)	Fixed-precision and scale-numeric data from –10^38+1 through 10^38–1. The p variable specifies precision and can vary between 1 and 38. The s variable specifies scale and can vary between 0 and p. Storage size is 19 bytes.
money	Monetary data values from (–2^63/10000) (–922,337,203,685,477.5808) through 2^63–1 (922,337,203,685,477.5807), with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit. Storage size is 8 bytes.
float	Floating point number data from –1.79E +308 through 1.79E+308 Storage size is 8 bytes.
real	Floating precision number data from –3.40E+38 through 3.40E+38. Storage size is 4 bytes.
datetime	Date and time data from January 1, 1753, to December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of one three-hundredth second, or 3.33 milliseconds. Values are rounded to increments of .000, .003, or .007 milliseconds. Stored as two 4-byte integers. The first 4 bytes store the number of days before or after the base date, January 1, 1900. The base date is the system's reference date. Values for datetime earlier than January 1, 1753, are not permitted. The other 4 bytes store the time of day represented as the number of milliseconds after midnight. Seconds have a valid range of 0–59. Format Example yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss 1947/08/15 03:33:20 mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss 04/15/1947 03:33:20 dd mmm yyyy hh:mm:ss 15 Jan 1947 03:33:20 dd mmmm yyyy h:mm:ss 15 January 1947 03:33:20
national character(n) Synonym:nchar(n)	Fixed-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 4000 characters. Default length = 1. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.
national character varying(n) Synonym:nvarchar(n)	Variable-length Unicode data with a length of 1 to 4000 characters. Default length = 1. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.
ntext¹	Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of (2^30–2)/2 (536,870,911) characters. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered. Note ntext is no longer supported in string functions.
nchar	Fixed-length Unicode character data of n characters. n must be a value from 1 through 4,000. The storage size is two times n bytes.
binary(n)	Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of 8000 bytes. Default length = 1. Storage size is fixed, which is the length in bytes declared in the type.
varbinary(n)	Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 8000 bytes. Default length = 1. Storage size varies. It is the length of the value in bytes.
image¹	Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 2^30–1 (1,073,741,823) bytes. Storage is the length of the value in bytes.
uniqueidentifier	A globally unique identifier (GUID). Storage size is 16 bytes.
IDENTITY [(s, i)]	This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type. Only data columns of the integer data types can be used for identity columns. A table can have only one identity column. A seed and increment can be specified and the column cannot be updated. s (seed) = starting value i(increment) = increment value
ROWGUIDCOL	This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type. It is a column in a table that is defined by using the uniqueidentifier data type. A table can have only one ROWGUIDCOL column.
Timestamp/rowversion	This is an automatically generated unique binary number. Storage size is 8 bytes.

　　在SQL Server Compact 4.0中，当Ntext 和 image 数据超过256 bytes 时将会保存到一个新的数据页。这会影响到数据库的密度，因为SQL Server Compact 4.0 数据库是按页方式面不是按字节方式来压缩的。

 4．  创建工程

　　新建一个Windows Phone工程，最好是MVVM工程，也就是选择新建工程中的Windows Phone Databound Application 模板直接生成或者手工创建MVVM工程。创建好后，将System.Data.Linq命名空间引入到工程。这个命名空间所在位置\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\Silverlight\v4.0\Profile\WindowsPhone71中。

5．  创建数据库

　　新建一个类继承System.Data.Linq.DataContext类，这样就可以用这个类来控制数据库了。在这个类中同时创建数据库表类。

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Data.Linq;
using System.Data.Linq.Mapping;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

namespace TestDB
{
    [Table]
    public class MyTable : INotifyPropertyChanged, INotifyPropertyChanging
    {
        private int _index;
        [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true, CanBeNull = false, IsDbGenerated = true, DbType = "INT NOT NULL Identity", AutoSync=AutoSync.OnInsert)]
        public int Index
        {
            get
            {
                return _index;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_index != value)
                {
                    NotifyPropertyChanging("Index");
                    _index = value;
                    NotifyPropertyChanged("Index");
                }

            }
        }

        private string _name;
        [Column]
        public string Name
        {
            get
            {
                return _name;
            }
            set
            {
                NotifyPropertyChanging("Name");
                _name = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("Name");
            }
        }

        private String _gen;
        [Column]
        public String Gen
        {
            get
            {
                return _gen;
            }
            set
            {
                NotifyPropertyChanging("Gen");
                _gen = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("Gen");
            }
        }

        private int _age;
        [Column]
        public int Age
        {
            get
            {
                return _age;
            }
            set
            {
                NotifyPropertyChanging("Age");
                _age = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("Age");
            }
        }

        //private BitmapImage _thumbnail;
        //[Column]
        //public BitmapImage Thumbnail
        //{
        //    get
        //    {
        //        return _thumbnail;
        //    }
        //    set
        //    {
        //        NotifyPropertyChanging("Thumbnail");
        //        _thumbnail = value;
        //        NotifyPropertyChanged("Thumbnail");
        //    }
        //}

        #region INotifyPropertyChanged Members

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        // Used to notify the page that a data context property changed
        private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            if (PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region INotifyPropertyChanging Members

        public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging;

        // Used to notify the data context that a data context property is about to change
        private void NotifyPropertyChanging(string propertyName)
        {
            if (PropertyChanging != null)
            {
                PropertyChanging(this, new PropertyChangingEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }

    public class MyDataContext : DataContext
    {
        public const string ConnectionStr = "Data Source=isostore:/MyDB.sdf";
        public Table<MyTable> Rows;
        public MyDataContext()
            : base(ConnectionStr)
        { 
           
        }
    }
}

6．  操作数据库

　　新建一个ViewModel类，在这个类中实现数据库的操作。在这个类中实现了对数据的选择、保存、更新和删除。在对数据库的操作因为不能直接使用Transact_SQL,所以操作都是通过LINQ来完成的。

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Data.Linq;
using System.Linq;


namespace TestDB
{
    public class MainViewModel
    {
        MyDataContext _DB;
        public MyDataContext DB
        {
            get
            {
                return _DB;
            }
            set
            {
                _DB = value;
            }
        }

        private bool IsAddedToDB = true;

        private static MainViewModel _Instance;
        public static MainViewModel GetInstance()
        {
            if (_Instance == null)
                _Instance = new MainViewModel();
            return _Instance;
        }

        private MainViewModel()
        {
            this.Items = new ObservableCollection<MyTable>();
            _DB = new MyDataContext();
            if (!_DB.DatabaseExists())
                _DB.CreateDatabase();
        }

        public ObservableCollection<MyTable> Items { get; private set; }

        public void SelectData()
        {
            if (IsAddedToDB)
            {
                if (_DB.DatabaseExists())
                {
                    IEnumerator<MyTable> enumerator = _DB.Rows.GetEnumerator();
                    while (enumerator.MoveNext())
                    {
                        this.Items.Add(enumerator.Current);
                    }

                    IsAddedToDB = false;

                }
            }
           
        }

        public bool SaveData(MyTable table)
        {
            try
            {
                this.Items.Add(table);
                _DB.Rows.InsertOnSubmit(table);
                _DB.SubmitChanges();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        public bool DeleteData(MyTable table)
        {
            try
            {
                if (_DB.DatabaseExists())
                {
                    _DB.Rows.DeleteOnSubmit(table);
                    _DB.SubmitChanges();
                    this.Items.Remove(table);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        public bool UpdateData(MyTable source, MyTable dest)
        {
            try
            {
                var tables = from item in this.Items where (int)item.Index == source.Index select item;

                foreach (MyTable mt in tables)
                {
                    mt.Name = dest.Name;
                    mt.Age = dest.Age;
                    mt.Gen = dest.Gen;
                    break;
                }

                MyTable table = _DB.Rows.GetOriginalEntityState(source);
                table.Name = dest.Name;
                table.Age = dest.Age;
                table.Gen = dest.Gen;
                _DB.SubmitChanges();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}

以下是运行效果：

 

 参考：

MSDN文档 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/hh202860(v=vs.92)

小郑：http://www.cnblogs.com/randylee/archive/2011/06/13/2080167.html