秩的交换性,转置不影响
egin{align*}
frac{partialmathrm{tr} AX}{partial X}&=A^T,&frac{partialmathrm{tr} left(AXB
ight)}{partial X}&=A^TB^T,\
frac{partialmathrm{tr} left(X^TAX
ight)}{partial X}&=left(A^T+A
ight)X,&frac{partialmathrm{tr} left(X^TAXB
ight)}{partial X}&=AXB+A^TXB^T,
end{align*}