一、显示全部命令
1、在项目外输入 scrapy -h
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider$ scrapy -h Scrapy 1.5.1 - no active project Usage: scrapy <command> [options] [args] Available commands: bench Run quick benchmark test fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader genspider Generate new spider using pre-defined templates runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project) settings Get settings values shell Interactive scraping console startproject Create new project version Print Scrapy version view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy [ more ] More commands available when run from project directory Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
2、在项目内输入scrapy -h
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago/spider_lago$ scrapy -h Scrapy 1.5.1 - project: spider_lago Usage: scrapy <command> [options] [args] Available commands: bench Run quick benchmark test check Check spider contracts crawl Run a spider edit Edit spider fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader genspider Generate new spider using pre-defined templates list List available spiders parse Parse URL (using its spider) and print the results runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project) settings Get settings values shell Interactive scraping console startproject Create new project version Print Scrapy version view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
二、单个命令介绍
1、bench
对网站进行快速爬取测试，用于检测本地硬件的性能
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago$ scrapy bench http://baidu.com
2018-08-14 02:12:01 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.1 started (bot: spider_lago)
2018-08-14 02:12:01 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.2.3.0, libxml2 2.9.8, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 18.7.0, Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) - [GCC 5.4.0 20160609], pyOpenSSL 18.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.0h 27 Mar 2018), cryptography 2.3, Platform Linux-4.15.0-29-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-16.04-xenial
2018-08-14 02:12:02 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'spider_lago.spiders', 'LOG_LEVEL': 'INFO', 'BOT_NAME': 'spider_lago', 'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 1, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['spider_lago.spiders'], 'CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT': 10}
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats',
'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage',
'scrapy.extensions.closespider.CloseSpider']
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2018-08-14 02:12:03 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:04 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 53 pages (at 3180 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:05 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 117 pages (at 3840 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:06 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 173 pages (at 3360 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:07 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 229 pages (at 3360 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:08 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 269 pages (at 2400 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:09 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 325 pages (at 3360 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:10 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 365 pages (at 2400 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:11 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 373 pages (at 480 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:12 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 421 pages (at 2880 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:13 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 461 pages (at 2400 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-08-14 02:12:13 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (closespider_timeout)
2018-08-14 02:12:14 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 199285,
'downloader/request_count': 477,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 477,
'downloader/response_bytes': 1332429,
'downloader/response_count': 477,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 477,
'finish_reason': 'closespider_timeout',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 14, 9, 12, 14, 485240),
'log_count/INFO': 17,
'memusage/max': 53321728,
'memusage/startup': 53321728,
'request_depth_max': 17,
'response_received_count': 477,
'scheduler/dequeued': 477,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 477,
'scheduler/enqueued': 9541,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 9541,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 14, 9, 12, 3, 671156)}
2018-08-14 02:12:14 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (closespider_timeout)
2、fetch
显示爬取过程
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider$ scrapy fetch --nolog http://baidu.com
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
3、genspider
创建一个爬虫项目，需要在爬虫项目内运行
4、runspider
直接运行一个爬虫文件
5、settings
查看scrapy对应的配置信息
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago/spider_lago$ scrapy settings --get ROBOTSTXT_OBEY False
6、shell
启动scrapy交互终端
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago/spider_lago$ scrapy shell
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.1 started (bot: spider_lago)
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.2.3.0, libxml2 2.9.8, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 18.7.0, Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) - [GCC 5.4.0 20160609], pyOpenSSL 18.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.0h 27 Mar 2018), cryptography 2.3, Platform Linux-4.15.0-29-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-16.04-xenial
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'LOGSTATS_INTERVAL': 0, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['spider_lago.spiders'], 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'spider_lago.spiders', 'DUPEFILTER_CLASS': 'scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter', 'BOT_NAME': 'spider_lago'}
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage']
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2018-08-14 03:01:30 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
[s] Available Scrapy objects:
[s] scrapy scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)
[s] crawler <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x7f0815c87e80>
[s] item {}
[s] settings <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x7f08147e6d68>
[s] Useful shortcuts:
[s] fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)
[s] fetch(req) Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects
[s] shelp() Shell help (print this help)
[s] view(response) View response in a browser
>>>
7、startproject
创键爬虫
8、version
scrapy版本信息
9、view
实现下载某个网页并用浏览器查看
三、项目内命令
由于scrapy全局命令可以在非爬虫项目中使用也可以在项目中使用，所以，在项目命令中也会有全局命令。
1、genspider
在爬虫项目目录中，基于爬虫模板直接创建一个scrapy爬虫文件
下面的代码为查看模板
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago/spider_lago$ scrapy genspider -l Available templates: basic crawl csvfeed xmlfeed
查看模板内容
(scrapy_env) frange@ubuntu:~/workspace/spider/spider_lago/spider_lago$ scrapy genspider -d csvfeed
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.spiders import CSVFeedSpider
class $classname(CSVFeedSpider):
name = '$name'
allowed_domains = ['$domain']
start_urls = ['http://$domain/feed.csv']
# headers = ['id', 'name', 'description', 'image_link']
# delimiter = ' '
# Do any adaptations you need here
#def adapt_response(self, response):
# return response
def parse_row(self, response, row):
i = {}
#i['url'] = row['url']
#i['name'] = row['name']
#i['description'] = row['description']
return i
创建一个爬虫
scrapy genspider -t basic weisuen baidu.com
2、check
实现对某个爬虫文件进行合同检查
scrapy check 爬虫名
3、crawl
启动某个爬虫
scrapy crawl 爬虫名 --loglevel=INFO
4、list
列出当前可使用的爬虫文件
5 、edit
用编辑器打开爬虫文件进行编辑
6、parse
获取指定的url网址，如果没指定爬虫文件使用默认的爬虫文件和默认的处理函数进行处理