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  • Cookie学习笔记

    1.简介

    1.什么是cookie:cookie是一种能够让网站服务器把少量数据(4kb左右)存储到客户端的硬盘或内存。并且读可以取出来的一种技术。

    2.当你浏览某网站时,由web服务器放置于你硬盘上的一个非常小的文本文件,它可以记录你的用户id、浏览过的网页或者停留的时间等网站想要你保存的信息。当你再次通过浏览器访问该网站时,浏览器会自动将属于该网站的cookie发送到服务器去,服务器通过读取cookie,得知你的相关信息,就可以做出相应的动作。比如,显示欢迎你的小标题,不用填写帐号密码直接登录等。。
    3.不同的浏览器存储的cookie位置是也不一样的。cookie文件的信息是不安全的,所以cookie里面的数据最好加密。
    4.浏览器保存cookie数据有2中形式:浏览器的内存中,浏览器所在的电脑硬盘中。

    从本质上讲,它可以看作是你的身份证。但Cookies不能作为代码执行,也不会传送病毒,且为你所专有,并只能由提供它的服务器来读取。保存的信息片断以“名/值”对(name-value pairs)的形式储存,一个“名/值”对仅仅是一条命名的数据。一个网站只能取得它放在你的电脑中的信息,它无法从其它的Cookies文件中取得信息,也无法得到你的电脑上的其它任何东西。(摘自网络)

    并非所有浏览器都支持。数据信息是以文本的形式保存在客户端计算机。

    2.Cookie的基本用法

    (1) 将Cookie写入浏览器:

    1 HttpCookie makeCookie = new HttpCookie("myCookie");//括号里面写的是Cookie的名称
    2 
    3 makeCookie.Value = this.TextBox1.Text;//这个是Cookie的值
    4 
    5 Response.Cookies.Add(makeCookie);//添加cookie变量

    (2)读取Cookie的值

    1 HttpCookie readCookie = Request.Cookies["myCookie"];//读取的是使用Request返回的值
    2 TextBox2.Text = readCookie.Value;

     (3)设置cookie的有效期

    1 HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("name","Elaine"); //创建cookie的实例。
    2 cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(5);//设置cookie的过期时间,5天后过期,自动清除文件
    3 Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);//将创建的cookie文件输入到浏览器端
    4 Response.Write(Request.Cookies["name"].Value); //读取cookie文件中存储的值

    (4)删除Cookie,没有特定的方法,只需要让它的有效期失效就行了   
    1   cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1); //cookie的销毁

    (5)Cookie的其他属性

     HttpCookie makecookie = new HttpCookie("myCookie");
    
    指定Cookie的名称:makecookie.Name;
    
    指定Cookie的值: makecookie.Value;
    
    指定Cookie的路径:makecookie.Path;

    (6)Cookie加密

    Response.Cookies["strPWD"].Value = FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(加密字符串, "md5");

    3.cookie读写原理
    Cookies集合是附属于Response对象及Request对象的数据集合,使用时需要在前面加上Response或Request。

    用于给客户机发送Cookies的语法通常为:

    当给不存在的Cookies集合设置时,就会在客户机创建,如果该Cookies己存在,则会被代替。由于Cookies是作为HTTP传输的头信息的一部分发给客户机的,所以向客户机发送Cookies的代码一般放在发送给浏览器的HTML文件的标记之前。

    如果用户要读取Cookies,则必须使用Request对象的Cookies集合,其使用方法是:

    需要注意的是,只有在服务器未被下载任何数据给浏览器前,浏览器才能与Server进行Cookies集合的数据交换,一旦浏览器开始接收Server所下载的数据,Cookies的数据交换则停止,为了避免错误,要在程序和前面加上response.Buffer=True。

    4.怎么查看Cookie的位置

    打开IE》Internet选项》常规》

    5.代码示例

    案例一:

    下面来完成一个登陆实例:

    总共有两个页面,一个登陆页面,一个主页;

    页面效果:

    提示:

    首先在登陆页前台的HTML代码里面的head标记里面的Title添加ID=”pageTitle

    还有需要在web.config中把<appSettings/>改为以下结果:

    	<appSettings>
    		<!-- 
             新添加的内容!
            -->
    		<add key="WebTitle" value="Elaine00登陆实例"/>
    		<add key="MsgTitle" value="Elaine00登陆测试"/>
    	</appSettings>
    

      

    具体代码:

    登陆页:

    前台:

     1 <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="CookieLogin.aspx.cs" Inherits="Cookie" %>
     2 
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
     4 
     5 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
     6 <head runat="server">
     7     <title id="PageTitle">登陆页</title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <form id="form1" runat="server">
    11     <div>
    12         <table style=" 367px">
    13             <tr>
    14                 <td colspan="3" style="height: 17px">
    15                     用户登录</td>
    16             </tr>
    17             <tr>
    18                 <td colspan="2" style=" 116px; height: 18px">
    19                     登录名称:</td>
    20                 <td style="height: 18px">
    21                     <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox></td>
    22             </tr>
    23             <tr>
    24                 <td colspan="2" style=" 116px">
    25                     密码:</td>
    26                 <td>
    27                     <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" runat="server"></asp:TextBox></td>
    28             </tr>
    29             <tr>
    30                 <td colspan="2" style=" 116px">
    31                 </td>
    32                 <td>
    33                     <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="登录" />
    34                     <asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" OnClick="Button2_Click" Text="重置" /></td>
    35             </tr>
    36         </table>
    37     
    38     </div>
    39     </form>
    40 </body>
    41 </html>

    后台:

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Web;
     3 
     4 public partial class Cookie : System.Web.UI.Page
     5 {
     6     protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
     7     {
     8         PageTitle.Text = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["WebTitle"];
     9     }
    10     protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    11     {
    12         if (TextBox1.Text.Trim() != "" && TextBox2.Text.Trim() != "")
    13         {
    14             HttpCookie cookieAdminCode = new HttpCookie("CookAdminCode");
    15             cookieAdminCode["AdminCode"] = TextBox1.Text;
    16             cookieAdminCode["PWD"] = TextBox2.Text;
    17             cookieAdminCode.Expires.AddDays(1);
    18    
    19             Response.Cookies.Add(cookieAdminCode);
    20             Response.Redirect("Main.aspx");
    21         }
    22         else
    23         {
    24             MessageBox("对不起,请输入用户名或者密码!");
    25         }
    26     }
    27     #region MessageBox(string Message)
    28     private void MessageBox(string Message)
    29     {
    30         string msgTitle = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["MsgTitle"].Trim();
    31         Response.Write("<script language=javascript>alert('" + msgTitle + "\n\n" + Message + "')</script>");//"\n"一个斜线表示转义字符,一个表示于n在一起表示换行符号
    32     }
    33     #endregion
    34     protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    35     {
    36         TextBox1.Text = TextBox2.Text = "";
    37     }
    38 }

    主页:

    前台:

     1 <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Main.aspx.cs" Inherits="Main" %>
     2 
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
     4 
     5 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
     6 <head runat="server">
     7     <title>主页</title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <form id="form1" runat="server">
    11     <div>
    12     
    13     </div>
    14     </form>
    15 </body>
    16 </html>

    后台:

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Web;
     3 
     4 public partial class Main : System.Web.UI.Page
     5 {
     6     protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
     7     {
     8         HttpCookie cookieAdminCode = Request.Cookies["CookAdminCode"];
     9         string Adminname = cookieAdminCode.Values["AdminCode"].Trim();
    10         string pwd = cookieAdminCode.Values["PWD"].Trim();
    11         if (Adminname== "Elaine00" && pwd== "1")
    12         {
    13             MessageBox("登录成功!");
    14             Response.Write("欢迎" + Adminname + "登录本系统!您的密码是:" + pwd);
    15         }
    16         else
    17         {
    18             MessageBox("对不起!身份验证失败请重试!");
    19             Response.Write("<script language=javascript>window.location.href='CookieLogin.aspx'</script>");
    20         }
    21     }
    22     private void MessageBox(string Message)
    23     {
    24       //  string msgTitle = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["MsgTitle"].ToString().Trim();
    25         string msgTitle = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MsgTitle"].Trim();
    26         Response.Write("<script language=javascript>alert('"+msgTitle+"\n\n"+Message+"')</script>");
    27     }
    28 }

    案例二:

    图示:

    下面实现的是使用两个加密类来加密Cookie

    首先定义一个EncryptString类;代码如下:

      1 using System;
      2 using System.IO;
      3 using System.Security.Cryptography;
      4 
      5 namespace Test
      6 {
      7     public class EncryptString
      8     {
      9         private static byte[] Key64 = { 42, 16, 93, 156, 78, 4, 218, 32 };
     10         private static byte[] IV64 = { 55, 103, 246, 79, 36, 99, 167, 3 };
     11         private static byte[] Key192 = {42, 16, 93, 156, 78, 4, 218, 32,15, 167, 
     12     44,80, 26, 250, 155, 112,2, 94, 11, 204, 119, 35, 184, 197};
     13         private static byte[] IV192 = {55, 103, 246, 79, 36, 99, 167, 3,42, 
     14     5, 62,83, 184, 7, 209, 13,145, 23, 200, 58, 173, 10, 121, 222};
     15         public static String Encrypt(String valueString)
     16         {
     17             if (valueString != "")
     18             {   //定义DES的Provider 
     19                 DESCryptoServiceProvider desprovider =
     20                 new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
     21                 //定义内存流 
     22                 MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
     23                 //定义加密流 
     24                 CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
     25                 desprovider.CreateEncryptor(Key64, IV64),
     26                 CryptoStreamMode.Write);
     27                 //定义写IO流 
     28                 StreamWriter writerStream = new StreamWriter(cryptoStream);
     29                 //写入加密后的字符流 
     30                 writerStream.Write(valueString);
     31                 writerStream.Flush();
     32                 cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
     33                 memoryStream.Flush();
     34                 //返回加密后的字符串 
     35                 return (Convert.ToBase64String(memoryStream.GetBuffer(), 0,
     36                 (int)memoryStream.Length));
     37             }
     38             return (null);
     39         }
     40         public static String Decrypt(String valueString)
     41         {
     42             if (valueString != "")
     43             {   //定义DES的Provider 
     44                 DESCryptoServiceProvider desprovider =
     45                 new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
     46                 //转换解密的字符串为二进制 
     47                 byte[] buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(valueString);
     48                 //定义内存流 
     49                 MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
     50                 //定义加密流 
     51                 CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
     52                 desprovider.CreateEncryptor(Key64, IV64),
     53                 CryptoStreamMode.Read);
     54                 //定义读IO流 
     55                 StreamReader readerStream = new StreamReader(cryptoStream);
     56                 //返回解密后的字符串 
     57                 return (readerStream.ReadToEnd());
     58             }
     59             return (null);
     60         }
     61         public static String EncryptTripleDES(String valueString)
     62         {
     63             if (valueString != "")
     64             {   //定义TripleDES的Provider 
     65                 TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider triprovider =
     66                 new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider();
     67                 //定义内存流 
     68                 MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
     69                 //定义加密流 
     70                 CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
     71                 triprovider.CreateEncryptor(Key192, IV192),
     72                 CryptoStreamMode.Write);
     73                 //定义写IO流 
     74                 StreamWriter writerStream = new StreamWriter(cryptoStream);
     75                 //写入加密后的字符流 
     76                 writerStream.Write(valueString);
     77                 writerStream.Flush();
     78                 cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();
     79                 memoryStream.Flush();
     80                 //返回加密后的字符串 
     81                 return (Convert.ToBase64String(memoryStream.GetBuffer(), 0,
     82                 (int)memoryStream.Length));
     83             }
     84             return (null);
     85         }
     86         public static String DecryptTripleDES(String valueString)
     87         {
     88             if (valueString != "")
     89             {   //定义TripleDES的Provider 
     90                 TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider triprovider =
     91                 new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider();
     92                 //转换解密的字符串为二进制 
     93                 byte[] buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(valueString);
     94                 //定义内存流 
     95                 MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
     96                 //定义加密流
     97 
     98                 CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
     99                     triprovider.CreateEncryptor(Key64, IV64),
    100                     CryptoStreamMode.Read);
    101                 //定义读IO流 
    102                 StreamReader readerStream = new StreamReader(cryptoStream);
    103                 //返回解密后的字符串 
    104                 return (readerStream.ReadToEnd());
    105             }
    106             return (null);
    107         }
    108     } 
    109 }

    再定义一个CookieEncrypt的加密类;代码如下:

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Web;
     3 
     4 namespace Test
     5 {
     6     public class CookieEncrypt
     7     {
     8         public static void SetCookie(HttpCookie cookie)
     9         {   //设置Cookie 
    10             HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Set(cookie);
    11         }
    12         public static void SetCookie(String key, String valueString)
    13         {   //设置加密后的Cookie 
    14             key = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(key);
    15             valueString = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(valueString);
    16             HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(key, valueString);
    17             SetCookie(cookie);
    18         }
    19         public static void SetCookie(String key, String valueString,
    20         DateTime expires)
    21         {   //设置加密后的Cookie,并设置Cookie的有效时间 
    22             key = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(key);
    23             valueString = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(valueString);
    24             HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie(key, valueString);
    25             cookie.Expires = expires;
    26             SetCookie(cookie);
    27         }
    28         public static void SetTripleDESEncryptedCookie(String key,
    29         String valueString)
    30         {   //设置使用TripleDES加密后的Cookie 
    31             key = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(key);
    32             valueString = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(valueString);
    33             SetCookie(key, valueString);
    34         }
    35         public static void SetTripleDESEncryptedCookie(String key,
    36         String valueString, DateTime expires)
    37         {   //设置使用TripleDES加密后的Cookie,并设置Cookie的有效时间 
    38             key = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(key);
    39             valueString = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(valueString);
    40             SetCookie(key, valueString, expires);
    41         }
    42 
    43         public static void SetEncryptedCookie(String key, String valueString)
    44         {   //设置使用DES加密后的Cookie 
    45             key = EncryptString.Encrypt(key);
    46             valueString = EncryptString.Encrypt(valueString);
    47             SetCookie(key, valueString);
    48         }
    49         public static void SetEncryptedCookie(String key,
    50         String valueString, DateTime expires)
    51         {   //设置使用DES加密后的Cookie,并设置Cookie的有效时间 
    52             key = EncryptString.Encrypt(key);
    53             valueString = EncryptString.Encrypt(valueString);
    54             SetCookie(key, valueString, expires);
    55         }
    56         public static String GetTripleDESEncryptedCookieValue(String key)
    57         {   //获取使用TripleDES解密后的Cookie 
    58             key = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(key);
    59             String valueString = GetCookieValue(key);
    60             valueString = EncryptString.DecryptTripleDES(valueString);
    61             return (valueString);
    62         }
    63         public static String GetEncryptedCookieValue(String key)
    64         {   //获取使用DES解密后的Cookie 
    65             key = EncryptString.Encrypt(key);
    66             String valueString = GetCookieValue(key);
    67             valueString = EncryptString.Decrypt(valueString);
    68             return (valueString);
    69         }
    70         public static HttpCookie GetCookie(String key)
    71         {   //通过关键字获取Cookie 
    72             key = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlEncode(key);
    73             return (HttpContext.Current.Request.Cookies.Get(key));
    74         }
    75         public static String GetCookieValue(String key)
    76         {   //通过关键字获取Cookie的value 
    77             String valueString = GetCookie(key).Value;
    78             valueString = HttpContext.Current.Server.UrlDecode(valueString);
    79             return (valueString);
    80         }
    81     } 
    82 
    83 }

    接着定义Test.aspx页面;代码如下:

     1 <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Test.aspx.cs" Inherits="Test.Test" %>
     2 
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
     4 
     5 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
     6 <head runat="server">
     7     <title></title>
     8 </head>
     9 <body>
    10     <form id="form1" runat="server">
    11     <div>
    12       加密前的Cookie值:<asp:Label ID="myCookie" Runat="server"></asp:Label> 
    13         <br />
    14         使用DES加密后的Cookie值:<asp:Label ID="EncryptCookie" Runat="server"></asp:Label> 
    15         <br />
    16         使用TripleDES加密后的Cookie值:<asp:Label ID="TripleDESCookie" Runat="server"></asp:Label>
    17     </div>
    18     </form>
    19 </body>
    20 </html>

    接着定义Test.aspx.cs代码:

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Web;
     3 
     4 namespace Test
     5 {
     6     public partial class Test : System.Web.UI.Page
     7     {
     8         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
     9         {
    10             //调用函数EncryptMyCookies()获取Cookie的原始值和加密后的值 
    11             if (!Page.IsPostBack) { EncryptMyCookies(); }
    12         }
    13         //获取cookie的值加密前和加密后的值,并获取
    14         private void EncryptMyCookies()
    15         {
    16             var myNameCookie = new HttpCookie("myName", "Elaine");
    17             Response.Cookies.Add(myNameCookie);
    18             //获取Cookie的原始值 
    19             var httpCookie = HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies["myName"];
    20             if (httpCookie != null)
    21                 myCookie.Text = httpCookie.Value; //获取使用DES加密后Cookie的值 
    22             EncryptCookie.Text = EncryptString.Encrypt(myCookie.Text); //获取使用TripleDES加密后Cookie的值 
    23             TripleDESCookie.Text = EncryptString.EncryptTripleDES(myCookie.Text);
    24         }
    25     }
    26 }

    小结:使用Cookie很方便,但是记得加密是重点~~

    作者:Elaine
    交流QQ:392989505
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ITGirl00/p/3266982.html
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