前言
前面我们已经实现了服务的注册与发现(请戳:SpringCloud系列——Eureka 服务注册与发现),并且在注册中心注册了一个服务myspringboot,本文记录多个服务之间使用Feign调用。
Feign是一个声明性web服务客户端。它使编写web服务客户机变得更容易,本质上就是一个http,内部进行了封装而已。
GitHub地址:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign
服务提供者
提供者除了要在注册中心注册之外,不需要引入其他东西,注意一下几点即可:
1、经测试,默认情况下,feign只能通过@RequestBody传对象参数
2、接参只能出现一个复杂对象,例:public Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo) { ... }
3、提供者如果又要向其他消费者提供服务,又要向浏览器提供服务,建议保持原先的Controller,新建一个专门给消费者的Controller
测试Controller接口
@RestController @RequestMapping("/user/") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("list") public Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo) { return userService.list(entityVo); } @RequestMapping("get/{id}") public Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return userService.get(id); } }
服务消费者
消费者maven引入jar
<!-- feign --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency>
配置文件
对日期的解析,消费者要跟提供者一致,不然会报json解析错误
#超时时间 feign.httpclient.connection-timeout=30000 #mvc接收参数时对日期进行格式化 spring.mvc.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss #jackson对响应回去的日期参数进行格式化 spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss spring.jackson.time-zone=GMT+8
服务调用
1、springdatejpa 应用名称,是服务提供者在eureka注册的名字,Feign会从注册中心获取实例
2、如果不想启动eureka服务,直连本地开发:@FeignClient(name = "springdatejpa", path = "/user/",url = "http://localhost:10086"),或者无eureka,调用第三方服务,关闭eureka客户端 (eureka.client.enabled=false),url直接指定第三方服务地址,path指定路径,接口的方法指定接口
3、如果使用@RequestMapping,最好指定调用方式
4、消费者的返回值必须与提供者的返回值一致,参数对象也要一致
5、2019-05-21补充:如需进行容错处理(服务提供者发生异常),则需要配置fallback,如果需要获取到报错信息,则要配置fallbackFactory<T>,例:
fallback = MyspringbootFeignFallback.class,fallbackFactory = MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory.class
/** * 容错处理(服务提供者发生异常,将会进入这里) */ @Component public class MyspringbootFeignFallback implements MyspringbootFeign { @Override public Result<UserVo> get(Integer id) { return Result.of(null,false,"糟糕,系统出现了点小状况,请稍后再试"); } @Override public Result<List<UserVo>> list(UserVo entityVo) { return Result.of(null,false,"糟糕,系统出现了点小状况,请稍后再试"); } }
/** * 只打印异常,容错处理仍交给MyspringbootFeignFallback */ @Component public class MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<MyspringbootFeign> { private final MyspringbootFeignFallback myspringbootFeignFallback; public MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory(MyspringbootFeignFallback myspringbootFeignFallback) { this.myspringbootFeignFallback = myspringbootFeignFallback; } @Override public MyspringbootFeign create(Throwable cause) { cause.printStackTrace(); return myspringbootFeignFallback; } }
Feign接口
更多@FeignClient注解参数配置,请参阅官方文档
@FeignClient(name = "springdatejpa", path = "/user/") public interface MyspringbootFeign { @RequestMapping(value = "get/{id}") Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id); @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.GET) Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo); }
Controller层
/** * feign调用 */ @GetMapping("feign/get/{id}") Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ return myspringbootFeign.get(id); } /** * feign调用 */ @GetMapping("feign/list") Result<List<UserVo>> list(UserVo userVo){ return myspringbootFeign.list(userVo); }
启动类
启动类加入注解:@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients @SpringBootApplication public class MyspringbootApplication{ public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MyspringbootApplication.class, args); } }
效果
成功注册两个服务
成功调用
报错记录
1、启动时报了个SQL错误
解决:配置文件连接数据时指定serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
2、当我将之前搭好的一个springboot-springdata-jpa整合项目在eureka注册时出现了一个报错
然后在网上查了下说是因为springboot版本问题(请戳:http://www.cnblogs.com/hbbbs/articles/8444013.html),之前这个项目用的是2.0.1.RELEASE,现在要在eureka注册,pom引入了就出现了上面的报错
<!-- eureka-client --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- actuator --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Greenwich.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories>
解决:升级了springboot版本,2.1.0,项目正常启动
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version> <!--<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>--> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent>
补充
2019-10-17补充:Feign设置header请求头
方法1,mapping的headers属性,单一设置
@FeignClient(name = "svc", path = "/modules/user/", url = "${feign.url}") public interface UserFeign extends BaseFeign<UserVo> { @PostMapping(value = "xxx",headers = {"Cookie", "JSESSIONID=xxx"}) ResultModel<List<UserVo>> xxx(UserVo entity); }
方法2,自定义FeignInterceptor,全局设置
/** * feign请求设置header参数 * 这里比如浏览器调用A服务,A服务Feign调用B服务,为了传递一致的sessionId */ @Component public class FeignInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor{ public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate){ String sessionId = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes().getSessionId(); requestTemplate.header("Cookie", "JSESSIONID="+sessionId); } }
这样就可以设置cookie,传递token等自定义值
常见场景1
通常我们一个服务web层、svc层、dao层,但有时候也会将拆分成两个服务:
web服务提供静态资源、页面以及controller控制器控制跳转,数据通过java调用svc服务获取;
svc服务,进行操作数据库以及业务逻辑处理,同时提供接口给web服务调用;
特殊情况下我们想svc服务的接口也做登录校验,所有接口(除了登录请求接口)都有做登录校验判断,未登录的无权访问,这时候就需要做sessionId传递,将web服务的sessionId通过Feign调用时传递到svc服务
web服务
注:登录成功后用sessionId作为key,登录用户的id作为value,保存到redis缓存中
登录拦截器
/** * web登录拦截器 */ @Component public class LoginFilter implements Filter { @Autowired private StringRedisTemplate template; @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); //除了访问首页、登录页面、登录请求,其他的都要查看Redis缓存 String sessionId = request.getSession().getId(); String redis = template.opsForValue().get(sessionId); if (! //无需登录即可访问的接口 (requestURI.contains("/index/") || requestURI.contains("/login/index") || requestURI.contains("/login/login") //静态资源 || requestURI.contains(".js") || requestURI.contains(".css") || requestURI.contains(".json") || requestURI.contains(".ico")|| requestURI.contains(".png")|| requestURI.contains(".jpg")) && StringUtils.isEmpty(redis)) {//重定向登录页面 response.sendRedirect("/login/index?url=" + requestURI); } else { //正常处理请求 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); } } @Override public void destroy() { } }
自定义FeignInterceptor
/** * feign请求设置header参数 * 这里比如浏览器调用A服务,A服务Feign调用B服务,为了传递一致的sessionId */ @Component public class FeignInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor{ public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate){ String sessionId = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes().getSessionId(); requestTemplate.header("Cookie", "JSESSIONID="+sessionId); } }
svc服务
/** * svc登录拦截器 */ @Component public class LoginFilter implements Filter { @Autowired private StringRedisTemplate template; @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); //service服务,查看Redis缓存,登录后才允许访问(除了checkByAccountNameAndPassword) String sessionId = request.getRequestedSessionId(); if (!(requestURI.contains("/modules/user/checkByAccountNameAndPassword")) && StringUtils.isEmpty(template.opsForValue().get(sessionId))) { //提示无权访问 response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.print("对不起,你无权访问!"); out.flush(); out.close(); } else { //正常处理请求 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); } } @Override public void destroy() { } }
七天免登陆
会话期的sessionId,关闭浏览器后就失效了,所以就会退出浏览器后就需要重新登陆,有些情况我们并不想这样,我们想实现七天免登陆,这时候就需要自定义token,并且存放在cookie
登陆拦截器
/** * web登录拦截器 */ @Component public class LoginFilter implements Filter { /** 静态资源 为防止缓存,加上时间戳标志 */ private static final String STATIC_TAIL = "_time_="; @Autowired private StringRedisTemplate template; @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); //无需登录即可访问的接口,登陆页面、登陆请求 if(requestURI.contains("/login/index") || requestURI.contains("/login/login")){ //正常处理请求 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); return; } //静态资源 if(requestURI.contains(".js") || requestURI.contains(".css") || requestURI.contains(".json") || requestURI.contains(".woff2") || requestURI.contains(".ttf")|| requestURI.contains(".ico") || requestURI.contains(".png")|| requestURI.contains(".jpg")|| requestURI.contains(".gif")){ //检查是否有防缓存时间戳 String queryStr = request.getQueryString(); if(StringUtils.isEmpty(queryStr) || !queryStr.trim().contains(STATIC_TAIL)){ response.sendRedirect(requestURI + "?" + STATIC_TAIL + System.currentTimeMillis()); return; } //正常处理请求 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); return; } //剩下的要检查redis缓存 String token = null; for (Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()) { if("TOKEN".equals(cookie.getName())){ token = cookie.getValue(); } } String redis = template.opsForValue().get(token); if(StringUtils.isEmpty(redis)){ //重定向登录页面 response.sendRedirect("/login/index?url=" + requestURI); return; } //如果都不符合,正常处理请求 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse); } @Override public void destroy() { } }
登陆成功,设置cookie
public ResultModel<UserVo> login(UserVo userVo) {
此处省略查询操作...
if (true) { HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getResponse(); //设置Redis,有效时长:7天 String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); template.opsForValue().set(uuid, userVo.getAccountNo()); template.expire(uuid, 7 * 60 * 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //设置cookie,有效时长:7天 Cookie cookie = new Cookie("TOKEN", uuid); cookie.setPath("/"); cookie.setMaxAge(7 * 24 * 60 * 60); response.addCookie(cookie); return ResultModel.of(userVo, true, "登录成功"); } return ResultModel.of(null, false, "用户名或密码错误"); }
推出登陆,销毁cookie
public ResultModel<UserVo> logout() { HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getRequest(); HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getResponse(); String token = ""; for (Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()) { if("TOKEN".equals(cookie.getName())){ token = cookie.getValue(); cookie.setValue(null); cookie.setPath("/"); cookie.setMaxAge(0);// 立即销毁cookie response.addCookie(cookie); break; } } template.delete(token); return ResultModel.of(null, true, "操作成功!"); }
代码开源
代码已经开源、托管到我的GitHub、码云: