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  • 【转】 SpringCloud系列——Feign 服务调用

    【转】 SpringCloud系列——Feign 服务调用

      前言

      前面我们已经实现了服务的注册与发现(请戳:SpringCloud系列——Eureka 服务注册与发现),并且在注册中心注册了一个服务myspringboot,本文记录多个服务之间使用Feign调用。

      Feign是一个声明性web服务客户端。它使编写web服务客户机变得更容易,本质上就是一个http,内部进行了封装而已。

      GitHub地址:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

      官方文档:https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-openfeign/2.1.0.RC2/single/spring-cloud-openfeign.html

      服务提供者

      提供者除了要在注册中心注册之外,不需要引入其他东西,注意一下几点即可:

      1、经测试,默认情况下,feign只能通过@RequestBody传对象参数

      2、接参只能出现一个复杂对象,例:public Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo) { ... }

      3、提供者如果又要向其他消费者提供服务,又要向浏览器提供服务,建议保持原先的Controller,新建一个专门给消费者的Controller

      

      测试Controller接口

    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/user/")
    public class UserController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
        @RequestMapping("list")
        public Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo) {
            return userService.list(entityVo);
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("get/{id}")
        public Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            return userService.get(id);
        }
    }

      服务消费者

      消费者maven引入jar

            <!-- feign -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>

      配置文件

      对日期的解析,消费者要跟提供者一致,不然会报json解析错误

    #超时时间
    feign.httpclient.connection-timeout=30000
    
    #mvc接收参数时对日期进行格式化
    spring.mvc.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    #jackson对响应回去的日期参数进行格式化
    spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    spring.jackson.time-zone=GMT+8

      服务调用

      1、springdatejpa 应用名称,是服务提供者在eureka注册的名字,Feign会从注册中心获取实例

      2、如果不想启动eureka服务,直连本地开发:@FeignClient(name = "springdatejpa", path = "/user/",url = "http://localhost:10086"),或者无eureka,调用第三方服务,关闭eureka客户端      (eureka.client.enabled=false),url直接指定第三方服务地址,path指定路径,接口的方法指定接口

      3、如果使用@RequestMapping,最好指定调用方式

      4、消费者的返回值必须与提供者的返回值一致,参数对象也要一致

      5、2019-05-21补充:如需进行容错处理(服务提供者发生异常),则需要配置fallback,如果需要获取到报错信息,则要配置fallbackFactory<T>,例:

    fallback = MyspringbootFeignFallback.class,fallbackFactory = MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory.class
    /**
     * 容错处理(服务提供者发生异常,将会进入这里)
     */
    @Component
    public class MyspringbootFeignFallback implements MyspringbootFeign {
        @Override
        public Result<UserVo> get(Integer id) {
            return Result.of(null,false,"糟糕,系统出现了点小状况,请稍后再试");
        }
    
        @Override
        public Result<List<UserVo>> list(UserVo entityVo) {
            return Result.of(null,false,"糟糕,系统出现了点小状况,请稍后再试");
        }
    }
    /**
     * 只打印异常,容错处理仍交给MyspringbootFeignFallback
     */
    @Component
    public class MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<MyspringbootFeign> {
        private final MyspringbootFeignFallback myspringbootFeignFallback;
    
        public MyspringbootFeignFallbackFactory(MyspringbootFeignFallback myspringbootFeignFallback) {
            this.myspringbootFeignFallback = myspringbootFeignFallback;
        }
    
        @Override
        public MyspringbootFeign create(Throwable cause) {
            cause.printStackTrace();
            return myspringbootFeignFallback;
        }
    }

      Feign接口

      更多@FeignClient注解参数配置,请参阅官方文档

    @FeignClient(name = "springdatejpa", path = "/user/")
    public interface MyspringbootFeign {
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "get/{id}")
        Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        Result<List<UserVo>> list(@RequestBody UserVo entityVo);
    }

       Controller层

        /**
         * feign调用
         */
        @GetMapping("feign/get/{id}")
        Result<UserVo> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return myspringbootFeign.get(id);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * feign调用
         */
        @GetMapping("feign/list")
        Result<List<UserVo>> list(UserVo userVo){
            return myspringbootFeign.list(userVo);
        }

      启动类

      启动类加入注解:@EnableFeignClients

    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MyspringbootApplication{
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MyspringbootApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

      效果

      成功注册两个服务

       

      成功调用

      

      报错记录

      1、启动时报了个SQL错误

      解决:配置文件连接数据时指定serverTimezone=GMT%2B8

      2、当我将之前搭好的一个springboot-springdata-jpa整合项目在eureka注册时出现了一个报错

      然后在网上查了下说是因为springboot版本问题(请戳:http://www.cnblogs.com/hbbbs/articles/8444013.html),之前这个项目用的是2.0.1.RELEASE,现在要在eureka注册,pom引入了就出现了上面的报错

            <!-- eureka-client -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- actuator -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Greenwich.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            </repository>
        </repositories>

      解决:升级了springboot版本,2.1.0,项目正常启动

        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
            <!--<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>-->
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>

      补充

      2019-10-17补充:Feign设置header请求头

      方法1,mapping的headers属性,单一设置

    @FeignClient(name = "svc", path = "/modules/user/", url = "${feign.url}")
    public interface UserFeign extends BaseFeign<UserVo> {
        @PostMapping(value = "xxx",headers = {"Cookie", "JSESSIONID=xxx"})
         ResultModel<List<UserVo>> xxx(UserVo entity);
    }

      方法2,自定义FeignInterceptor,全局设置

    /**
     * feign请求设置header参数
     * 这里比如浏览器调用A服务,A服务Feign调用B服务,为了传递一致的sessionId
     */
    @Component
    public class FeignInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor{
    
        public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate){
            String sessionId = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes().getSessionId();
            requestTemplate.header("Cookie", "JSESSIONID="+sessionId);
        }
    } 

      这样就可以设置cookie,传递token等自定义值

      常见场景1

      通常我们一个服务web层、svc层、dao层,但有时候也会将拆分成两个服务:

      web服务提供静态资源、页面以及controller控制器控制跳转,数据通过java调用svc服务获取;

      svc服务,进行操作数据库以及业务逻辑处理,同时提供接口给web服务调用;

      特殊情况下我们想svc服务的接口也做登录校验,所有接口(除了登录请求接口)都有做登录校验判断,未登录的无权访问,这时候就需要做sessionId传递,将web服务的sessionId通过Feign调用时传递到svc服务

      

      web服务

      注:登录成功后用sessionId作为key,登录用户的id作为value,保存到redis缓存中

      登录拦截器

    /**
     * web登录拦截器
     */
    @Component
    public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
    
        @Autowired
        private StringRedisTemplate template;
    
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
            HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
    
            String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
    
            //除了访问首页、登录页面、登录请求,其他的都要查看Redis缓存
            String sessionId = request.getSession().getId();
            String redis = template.opsForValue().get(sessionId);
            if (!
                    //无需登录即可访问的接口
                    (requestURI.contains("/index/") || requestURI.contains("/login/index") || requestURI.contains("/login/login")
                    //静态资源
                    || requestURI.contains(".js") || requestURI.contains(".css") || requestURI.contains(".json")
                    || requestURI.contains(".ico")|| requestURI.contains(".png")|| requestURI.contains(".jpg"))
                    && StringUtils.isEmpty(redis)) {//重定向登录页面
                response.sendRedirect("/login/index?url=" + requestURI);
            } else {
                //正常处理请求
                filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        }
    }

      自定义FeignInterceptor

    /**
     * feign请求设置header参数
     * 这里比如浏览器调用A服务,A服务Feign调用B服务,为了传递一致的sessionId
     */
    @Component
    public class FeignInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor{
    
        public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate){
            String sessionId = RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes().getSessionId();
            requestTemplate.header("Cookie", "JSESSIONID="+sessionId);
        }
    }

      svc服务

    /**
     * svc登录拦截器
     */
    @Component
    public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
    
        @Autowired
        private StringRedisTemplate template;
    
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
            HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
    
            String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
    
            //service服务,查看Redis缓存,登录后才允许访问(除了checkByAccountNameAndPassword)
            String sessionId = request.getRequestedSessionId();
            if (!(requestURI.contains("/modules/user/checkByAccountNameAndPassword")) && StringUtils.isEmpty(template.opsForValue().get(sessionId))) {
                //提示无权访问
                response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
                response.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
                out.print("对不起,你无权访问!");
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            } else {
                //正常处理请求
                filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        }
    }

      七天免登陆

      会话期的sessionId,关闭浏览器后就失效了,所以就会退出浏览器后就需要重新登陆,有些情况我们并不想这样,我们想实现七天免登陆,这时候就需要自定义token,并且存放在cookie

      登陆拦截器

    /**
     * web登录拦截器
     */
    @Component
    public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
        /** 静态资源 为防止缓存,加上时间戳标志 */
        private static final String STATIC_TAIL = "_time_=";
    
        @Autowired
        private StringRedisTemplate template;
    
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
            HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
    
            String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
    
            //无需登录即可访问的接口,登陆页面、登陆请求
            if(requestURI.contains("/login/index") || requestURI.contains("/login/login")){
                //正常处理请求
                filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
                return;
            }
    
            //静态资源
            if(requestURI.contains(".js") || requestURI.contains(".css") || requestURI.contains(".json")
                    || requestURI.contains(".woff2") || requestURI.contains(".ttf")|| requestURI.contains(".ico")
                    || requestURI.contains(".png")|| requestURI.contains(".jpg")|| requestURI.contains(".gif")){
    
                //检查是否有防缓存时间戳
                String queryStr = request.getQueryString();
                if(StringUtils.isEmpty(queryStr) || !queryStr.trim().contains(STATIC_TAIL)){
                    response.sendRedirect(requestURI + "?" + STATIC_TAIL + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    return;
                }
    
                //正常处理请求
                filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
                return;
            }
    
            //剩下的要检查redis缓存
            String token = null;
            for (Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()) {
                if("TOKEN".equals(cookie.getName())){
                    token = cookie.getValue();
                }
            }
            String redis = template.opsForValue().get(token);
            if(StringUtils.isEmpty(redis)){
                //重定向登录页面
                response.sendRedirect("/login/index?url=" + requestURI);
                return;
            }
    
            //如果都不符合,正常处理请求
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
        }
    }

      登陆成功,设置cookie

        public ResultModel<UserVo> login(UserVo userVo) {

    此处省略查询操作...

    if (true) { HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getResponse(); //设置Redis,有效时长:7天 String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); template.opsForValue().set(uuid, userVo.getAccountNo()); template.expire(uuid, 7 * 60 * 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //设置cookie,有效时长:7天 Cookie cookie = new Cookie("TOKEN", uuid); cookie.setPath("/"); cookie.setMaxAge(7 * 24 * 60 * 60); response.addCookie(cookie); return ResultModel.of(userVo, true, "登录成功"); } return ResultModel.of(null, false, "用户名或密码错误"); }

      推出登陆,销毁cookie

        public ResultModel<UserVo> logout() {
            HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
            HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getResponse();
            String token = "";
            for (Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()) {
                if("TOKEN".equals(cookie.getName())){
                    token = cookie.getValue();
                    cookie.setValue(null);
                    cookie.setPath("/");
                    cookie.setMaxAge(0);// 立即销毁cookie
                    response.addCookie(cookie);
                    break;
                }
            }
            template.delete(token);
            return ResultModel.of(null, true, "操作成功!");
        }

      代码开源

      代码已经开源、托管到我的GitHub、码云:

      GitHub:https://github.com/huanzi-qch/springCloud

      码云:https://gitee.com/huanzi-qch/springCloud

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Javastudy-note/p/13818308.html
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