很多的时候,系统自带的View满足不了我们功能的需求,那么我们就需要自己来自定义一个能满足我们需求的View,自定义View我们需要先继承View,添加类的构造方法,重写父类View的一些方法,例如onDraw,为了我们自定义的View在一个项目中能够重用,有时候我们需要自定义其属性,举个很简单的例子,我在项目中的多个界面使用我自定义的View,每个界面该自定义View的颜色都不相同,这时候如果没有自定义属性,那我们是不是需要构建不同颜色的View出来呢,这样子我们的代码就会显得很沉厄,所以这时候我们就需要自定义其属性来满足我们不同的需求,自定义属性呢,我们需要在values下建立attrs.xml文件,在其中定义我们需要定义的属性,然后在自定义View中也要做相对应的修改,下面还是用一个实际例来看看自定义View和自定义属性的使用。
首先看看圆环进度条的效果吧:
从上面的效果图可以看出,我们可以自定义圆环的颜色,圆环进度的颜色,内圆的颜色,是否显示进度的百分比,进度百分比的颜色,以及进度是实心还是空心等等,这样一来是不是可以完全自定义,很方便呢?下面咱们就来看看如何实现。
1.创建自定义属性文件:在values下面创建attrs.xml属性文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <declare-styleable name="XCRoundProgressBar"> <attr name="roundColor" format="color"/> <attr name="roundProgressColor" format="color"/> <attr name="roundWidth" format="dimension"></attr> <attr name="innerRoundColor" format="color" /> <attr name="textColor" format="color" /> <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" /> <attr name="max" format="integer"></attr> <attr name="textIsDisplayable" format="boolean"></attr> <attr name="style"> <enum name="STROKE" value="0"></enum> <enum name="FILL" value="1"></enum> </attr> </declare-styleable> </resources>
2. 实现自定义View类:
package com.xc.xcskin.view; import com.xc.xcskin.R; import com.xc.xcskin.R.styleable; import android.R.integer; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.RectF; import android.graphics.Typeface; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.View; /** * 带进度百分比显示的进度条,线程安全的View,可直接在线程中更新进度 * @author caizhiming * */ public class XCRoundProgressBar extends View{ private Paint paint;//画笔对象的引用 private int roundColor;//圆环的颜色 private int roundProgressColor;//圆环进度的颜色 private int innerRoundColor;//圆环内部圆颜色 private float roundWidth;//圆环的宽度 private int textColor;//中间进度百分比字符串的颜色 private float textSize ;//中间进度百分比字符串的字体 private int max;//最大进度 private int progress;//当前进度 private boolean isDisplayText;//是否显示中间百分比进度字符串 private int style;//进度条的风格:空心圆环或者实心圆环 private static final int STROKE = 0;//空心 private static final int FILL = 1;//实心 public XCRoundProgressBar(Context context){ this(context, null); } public XCRoundProgressBar(Context context,AttributeSet attrs){ this(context,attrs,0); } public XCRoundProgressBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub paint = new Paint(); //从attrs.xml中获取自定义属性和默认值 TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar); roundColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_roundColor, Color.GREEN); roundProgressColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_roundProgressColor, Color.RED); innerRoundColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_innerRoundColor, Color.GRAY); roundWidth = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_roundWidth, 5); textColor =typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_textColor, Color.RED); textSize = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_textSize, 15); max = typedArray.getInteger(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_max, 100); style = typedArray.getInt(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_style, STROKE); isDisplayText =typedArray.getBoolean(R.styleable.XCRoundProgressBar_textIsDisplayable, true); typedArray.recycle(); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onDraw(canvas); //画最外层大圆环 int centerX = getWidth()/2;//获取中心点X坐标 int certerY = getHeight()/2;//获取中心点Y坐标 int radius =(int)(centerX - roundWidth/2);//圆环的半径 paint.setColor(roundColor); paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);//设置空心 paint.setStrokeWidth(roundWidth);//设置圆环宽度 paint.setAntiAlias(true);//消除锯齿 canvas.drawCircle(centerX,certerY, radius, paint);//绘制圆环 //绘制圆环内部圆 paint.setColor(innerRoundColor); paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); paint.setAntiAlias(true); canvas.drawCircle(centerX, certerY, radius-roundWidth/2, paint); //画进度 paint.setStrokeWidth(roundWidth);//设置圆环宽度 paint.setColor(roundProgressColor);//设置进度颜色 RectF oval = new RectF(centerX - radius, centerX - radius, centerX + radius, centerX + radius); //用于定义的圆弧的形状和大小的界限 switch (style) { case STROKE: { paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); canvas.drawArc(oval, 0, 360 * progress / max, false, paint); // 根据进度画圆弧 break; } case FILL: { paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); if (progress != 0) canvas.drawArc(oval, 0, 360 * progress / max, true, paint); // 根据进度画圆弧 break; } } //画中间进度百分比字符串 paint.setStrokeWidth(0); paint.setColor(textColor); paint.setTextSize(textSize); paint.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT_BOLD); int percent = (int)(((float)progress / (float)max) * 100);//计算百分比 float textWidth = paint.measureText(percent +"%");//测量字体宽度,需要居中显示 if(isDisplayText && style == STROKE && percent != 0){ canvas.drawText(percent+"%", centerX-textWidth/2, centerX + textSize/2, paint); } } public Paint getPaint() { return paint; } public void setPaint(Paint paint) { this.paint = paint; } public int getRoundColor() { return roundColor; } public void setRoundColor(int roundColor) { this.roundColor = roundColor; } public int getRoundProgressColor() { return roundProgressColor; } public void setRoundProgressColor(int roundProgressColor) { this.roundProgressColor = roundProgressColor; } public float getRoundWidth() { return roundWidth; } public void setRoundWidth(float roundWidth) { this.roundWidth = roundWidth; } public int getTextColor() { return textColor; } public void setTextColor(int textColor) { this.textColor = textColor; } public float getTextSize() { return textSize; } public void setTextSize(float textSize) { this.textSize = textSize; } public synchronized int getMax() { return max; } public synchronized void setMax(int max) { if(max < 0){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("max must more than 0"); } this.max = max; } public synchronized int getProgress() { return progress; } /** * 设置进度,此为线程安全控件,由于考虑多线的问题,需要同步 * 刷新界面调用postInvalidate()能在非UI线程刷新 * @author caizhiming */ public synchronized void setProgress(int progress) { if(progress < 0){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("progress must more than 0"); } if(progress > max){ this.progress = progress; } if(progress <= max){ this.progress = progress; postInvalidate(); } } public boolean isDisplayText() { return isDisplayText; } public void setDisplayText(boolean isDisplayText) { this.isDisplayText = isDisplayText; } public int getStyle() { return style; } public void setStyle(int style) { this.style = style; } }