author：JevonWei
版权声明：原创作品
- haproxy配置文档 https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/
环境
前端HAProxy 172.16.253.108
后端web1 172.16.253.105
后端web2 172.16.252.1
client 172.16.253.177
安装HAProxy
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# yum install haproxy -y
[root@HAProxy ~]# rpm -ql haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# iptables -F
[root@HAProxy ~]# setenforce 0
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl enable haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# cp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg{,.bak}
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
web1
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web1 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
[root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@web1 html]# for i in {1..10}; do echo "Test Page $i @BES 1" > test$i.html;done
[root@web1 html]# ls
index.php test1.html test3.html test5.html test7.html test9.html
index.html test10.html test2.html test4.html test6.html test8.html
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web1 ~]# iptables -F
web 2
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
[root@web2 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@web2 html]# for i in {1..10}; do echo "Test Page $i @BES 1" > test$i.html;done
[root@web2 html]# ls
index.html test1.html test3.html test5.html test7.html test9.html
test10.html test2.html test4.html test6.html test8.html
[root@web2 ~]# service httpd start
[root@web2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web2 ~]# iptables -F
启用HAProxy的日志功能
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
log 127.0.0.1 local2 \日志的设备管道为local2，需在rsyslog配置文件中定义local2的日志设备
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp \启用UDP协议接收日志
$UDPServerRun 514 \UDP端口为514
local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log \定义local2日志设备的文件为/var/log/haproxy.log
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
- 重新配置frontend和backend字段
配置HAProxy
roundrobin算法
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb \定义HAProxy前段主机为myweb
bind *:80 \监听主机上所有IP的80端口
default_backend websrvs \默认后端主机为websrvs
backend websrvs \定义后端主机组
balance roundrobin \调度算法为动态轮询
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check maxconn 3 \172.16.253.105:80端口为后端主机srv1，check为检查服务器健康状态，maxconn 3最大并发连接数为3
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check \定义172.16.252.1为websrv后端主机组中的srv2主机
uri算法
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb \定义HAProxy前段主机为myweb
bind *:80 \监听主机上所有IP的80端口
default_backend websrvs \默认后端主机为websrvs
backend websrvs \定义后端主机组
balance uri \调度算法为uri
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check maxconn 3 \172.16.253.105:80端口为后端主机srv1，check为检查服务器健康状态，maxconn 3最大并发连接数为3
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check \定义172.16.252.1为websrv后端主机组中的srv2主机
hash-type consistent \hash算法一致性
hdr算法(同一个浏览器访问相同的后端服务器)
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance hdr(User-Agent)
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check
hash-type consistent
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl start haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl enable haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# ss -tnl \80端口以打开
client
访问HAProxy代理服务端
roundrobin算法
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://172.16.253.108;done
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
uri算法，consistent hash类型
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl 172.16.253.108/test1.html;done
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl 172.16.253.108/test3.html;done
Test Page 2 @BES 1
Test Page 2 @BES 1
Test Page 2 @BES 1
Test Page 2 @BES 1
Test Page 1 @BES 1
启动压缩功能
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
compression algo gzip \启动压缩功能，压缩类型为gzip
compression type text/html text/plainhtml， application/xml\压缩文件的类型为文本文件，plainhtml纯文本文件
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check
定义check检查的时间间隔
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
# option httpchk \启用七层代理向主页发送请求
option httpchk GET /test1.html HTTP/1.0 \启用七层代理，当使用GET命令，使用HTTP1.0协议向test1.txt页面发送请求时检查页面健康状态
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check inter 3000ms rise 1 fall 2 \inter定义为每3s检查一次，rise为检查成功一次即为成功，fall为检查失败两次即为故障
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check backup \backup为备用服务端，当其他主机故障时启用
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
web1
后端主机的httpd访问日志中可以看到每隔2秒都有一次主页检查记录日志
[root@web2 ~]# tail -f /var/log/httpd/access_log
实现网页重定向
HAProxy
访问172.16.253.105后端主机srv1的网页将自动跳转到指定的网页，eg redir http://www.baidu.com 跳转到www.baidu.com
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check inter 3000ms rise 1 fall 2 redir http://www.baidu.com \将访问172.16.253.105主页面重定向访问www.baidu.com
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check backup
weight权重选项
HAProxy
root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2 \权重为2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1 \权重为1
client
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl 172.16.253.108;done
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
stats 状态页面
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
stats enable
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
浏览器访问http://172.16.253.108/haproxy?stats
-
自定义stats状态页面的uri路径
HAProxy[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
stats enable
stats uri /myproxy?admin
bind *:80
default_backend websrvsbackend websrvs balance roundrobin server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2 server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
浏览器访问http://172.16.253.108/myproxy?admin -
stats页面的用户访问控制
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
stats enable \启用stats
stats uri /myproxy?admin \自定义stats页面uri的路径为/myproxy?admin
stats realm "HAProxy Stats Page" \认证提示
stats auth admin:admin \stats页面用户访问控制，用户admin，密码admin
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
浏览器输入http://172.16.253.108/myproxy?admin访问
- 启用stats的管理功能
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
stats enable \启用stats
stats uri /myproxy?admin \自定义stats页面uri的路径为/myproxy?admin
stats realm "HAProxy Stats Page" \认证提示
stats auth admin:admin \stats页面用户访问控制，用户admin，密码admin
stats admin if TRUE \总是允许访问stats的用户管理stats页面
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
浏览器访问http://172.16.253.108/myproxy?admin
- 单独定义stats的管理页面
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb
bind *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
listen stats
bind *:9000 \定义stats页面的监听端口为9000
stats enable \开启stats状态界面
stats uri /myproxy?admin \自定义stats的uri路径
stats realm "HAProxy Stats Page" \stats页面的提示信息
stats auth admin:admin \ststs状态界面的admin用户认证
stats admin if TRUE \允许所有登录stats的用户管理stats界面
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
浏览器访问http://172.16.253.108/myproxy?admin
| 字段 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| Queue | 队列 |
| Session rate | 会话速率 |
| Sessions | 所有会话 |
| Bytes | 传输字节 |
| Denled | 拒绝的 |
| Error | 错误的 |
| Warnings | 警告 |
| Server | 后端服务器 |
| server 字段 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| Status | Server的状态 |
| LastCHK | 显示httd的是四层检查还是七层检查 |
| Wght | 权重 |
| Act | 活动主机数量 |
| Bck | 备用主机数量 |
| Chk | 失败检测次数 |
| Dwn | 离线主机数量 |
| Dwntme | 主机离线时间 |
定义haproxy的工作模式为tcp,实现layer4层代理
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
listen sshsrvs
mode tcp
bind *:2222
balance leastconn
server sshsrv1 172.16.253.105:22 check
server sshsrv2 172.16.252.1:22 check
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
client
[root@client ~]# ssh root@172.16.253.108 -p 2222
设置cookie
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
cookie WEBSRV insert indirect nocache \WEBSRV为自定义的cookie键名
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2 cookie srv1 \srv1为自定义的srv1服务器的cookie信息
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1 cookie srv2 \srv2为自定义的srv2服务器的cookie信息
client
[root@client ~]# curl -I 172.16.253.108
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 26 May 2017 03:30:41 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Thu, 25 May 2017 11:26:46 GMT
ETag: "40801-1c-550577f03843e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 28
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Set-Cookie: WEBSRV=srv2; path=/ \Cookie信息为WEBSRV=srv2
Cache-control: private
[root@client ~]# curl -I 172.16.253.108/test3.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 04:41:00 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
Last-Modified: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 14:02:09 GMT
ETag: "13-557d0bda20453"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 19
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Set-Cookie: WEBSRV=srv1; path=/ \Cookie信息为WEBSRV=srv1
Cache-control: private
forwardfor请求报文首部信息
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
defaults
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 if-none
除了本机127.0.0.0/8发出去的请求报文不予添加X-Forwarded-For信息，其他报文都要判断是否含有X-Forwarded-For信息，若没有，则添加X-Forwarded-For信息
web1
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf \修改日志记录格式如下
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
errorfile错误本地文件路径
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy/errorfile
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/errorfile/403.html
Forbidden,No way;
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfile/403.html
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2 cookie srv1
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1 cookie srv2
errorloc错误网页url重定向到本地的web
HAProxy服务端安装nginx服务
[root@HAProxy ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/errserver.conf
server {
listen 10080;
server_name error.danran.com;
root /data/nginx/errorhtml;
}
[[root@HAProxy ~]# mkdir -pv /data/nginx/errorhtml
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /data/nginx/errorhtml/403.html
403 from nginx
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8089 default_server;
} \默认80端口与HAYproxy冲突，故修改nginx的默认端口
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl start nginx
配置error错误网页重定向到本地web服务
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
errorloc 403 http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2 cookie srv1
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1 cookie srv2
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
reqadd添加请求报文首部信息
HAYproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
reqadd X-Proxy-By: HAProxy
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
web1
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %{X-Proxy-By}i" combined
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
通过访问HAYproxy代理服务器查看web1的访问日志信息
rspadd添加响应报文首部信息
HAYproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
rsqadd X-Proxy-By: HAProxy-1.5
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
rspidel删除响应报文的指定信息
HAYproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
rspidel ^Server:.* \删除响应报文中Server开头的信息
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
基于ACL做访问控制(四层代理)
网络拓扑
环境
前端HAProxy 172.16.253.108
后端web1 172.16.253.105
后端web2 172.16.252.1
client 172.16.253.177
安装HAProxy
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# yum install haproxy -y
[root@HAProxy ~]# rpm -ql haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# iptables -F
[root@HAProxy ~]# setenforce 0
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl enable haproxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# cp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg{,.bak}
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
web1
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web1 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1> Backend Server 1 </h1>
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web1 ~]# iptables -F
web 2
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1> Backend Server 2 </h1>
[root@web2 ~]# service httpd start
[root@web2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@web2 ~]# iptables -F
- block阻塞主机访问
172.16.251.196用户访问stats状态界面，并显示错误网页http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
listen stats
bind *:9000
acl allowstats src 172.16.251.196
block if allowstats \阻塞allowstats中的IP访问stats界面
errorloc 403 http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html
stats enable
stats uri /myproxy?admin
stats realm "HAProxy Stats Page"
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
访问测试
172.16.251.196使用浏览器访问测试http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html
- http-request允许某主机访问stats状态界面
允许172.16.251.196用户访问http://172.16.253.108服务器的HAProxy的状态界面
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server srv1 172.16.253.105:80 check weight 2
server srv2 172.16.252.1:80 check weight 1
listen stats
bind *:9000
acl allowstats src 172.16.251.196
# http-request allow if allowstats \允许allowstats中的IP访问stats状态界面
http-request deny unless allowstats \除了allowstats之外全部拒绝访问，即仅允许allowstats访问
# http-request deny if allowstats \拒绝allowstats访问
errorloc 403 http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html \错误网页文件
stats enable
stats uri /myproxy?admin
stats realm "HAProxy Stats Page"
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
访问测试
图形化浏览器
172.16.251.196使用浏览器访问测试http://172.16.253.108:10080/403.html
字符界面
[root@client ~]# curl --basic --user admin:admin http://172.16.253.108:9000/myproxy?admin
基于ACL做访问控制(七层代理)
动态网页存放在动态服务器组中，静态网页存放在静态服务器组中
拓扑环境
环境
前端HAProxy 172.16.253.108
后端web1 172.16.253.105
后端web2 172.16.253.191
client 172.16.253.177
- web1使用虚拟主机技术搭建两个web server，用来存放动态网页内荣容
- web2使用虚拟主机搭建两个web server用来替代静态网页内容
web1创建虚拟主机
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install php httpd
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/vhost{1,2} -pv
[root@web1 ~]# vim /data/web/vhost1/index.php
<h1> Application Server 1</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@web1 ~]# vim /data/web/vhost2/index.php
<h1> Application Server 2</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
虚拟主机1的配置文件
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost1.conf \编辑vhost1虚拟主机的配置文件
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www1.danran.com
DocumentRoot "/data/web/vhost1"
<Directory "/data/web/vhost1">
Options FollowSymLinks \允许使用连接文件目录
AllowOverride None \不允许其他配置文件覆盖此文件中的设置
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
虚拟主机2的配置文件
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost2.conf
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost2.conf
Listen 8080
<VirtualHost *:8080>
ServerName www2.danran.com
DocumentRoot "/data/web/vhost2"
<Directory "/data/web/vhost2">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@web1 ~]# ss -ntl
web2创建虚拟主机
[root@web2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/web/vhost{1,2}
[root@web2 ~]# find /usr/share/ -iname "*.jpg" -exec cp {} /data/web/vhost1/ ;
[root@web2 ~]# find /usr/share/ -iname "*.jpg" -exec cp {} /data/web/vhost2/ ;
[root@web2 ~]# vim /data/web/vhost1/index.html
<h1> Image Server 1 </h1>
[root@web2 ~]# vim /data/web/vhost2/index.html
<h1> Image Server 2 </h1>
编辑虚拟主机1的配置文件
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost1.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www1.danran.com
DocumentRoot "/data/web/vhost1"
<Directory "/data/web/vhost1">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
编辑虚拟主机2的配置文件
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost2.conf
Listen 8080
<VirtualHost *:8080>
ServerName www2.danran.com
DocumentRoot "/data/web/vhost1"
<Directory "/data/web/vhost1">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
cookie WEBSRV indirect nocache
acl static path_end .jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html \定义ACL的组static以.jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html结尾的文件
use_backend staticsrvs if static \当符合条件时使用static主机组
default_backend dynsrvs \当不符合use_bckend条件时使用默认default_backend主机组
backend dynsrvs \定义动态主机组
balance roundrobin
server dynsrv1 172.16.253.105:80 check cookie dynsrv1
server dynsrv2 172.16.253.105:8080 check cookie dynsrv2
backend staticsrvs \定义静态主机组
balance roundrobin
server staticsrv1 172.16.253.191:80 check
server staticsrv2 172.16.253.191:8080 check
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
client
[root@client ~]# curl http://172.16.253.108/index.html
<h1> Image Server 1 </h1>
[root@client ~]# curl http://172.16.253.108/index.html
<h1> image Server 2 </h1>
[root@client ~]# curl http://172.16.253.108/index.php
<h1> Application Server 2</h1>
[root@client ~]# curl http://172.16.253.108/index.php
<h1> Application Server 2</h1>
拒绝curl访问web
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
cookie WEBSRV indirect nocache
acl static path_end .jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html \定义ACL的组static以.jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html结尾的文件
use_backend staticsrvs if static \当符合条件时使用static主机组
default_backend dynsrvs \当不符合use_bckend条件时使用默认default_backend主机组
acl bad_browsers hdr_reg(User-Agent) .*curl.* \定义请求报文中包含curl的ACL组为bad_browsers
block if bad_browsers \阻塞bad_browsers组的访问
backend dynsrvs \定义动态主机组
balance roundrobin
server dynsrv1 172.16.253.105:80 check cookie dynsrv1
server dynsrv2 172.16.253.105:8080 check cookie dynsrv2
backend staticsrvs \定义静态主机组
balance roundrobin
server staticsrv1 172.16.253.191:80 check
server staticsrv2 172.16.253.191:8080 check
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
client
[root@client ~]# curl http://172.16.253.108/index.html
<html><body><h1>403 Forbidden</h1>
Request forbidden by administrative rules.
</body></html>
定义仅允许danran.com域内的的主机访问
HAProxy
[root@HAProxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend myweb *:80
cookie WEBSRV indirect nocache
acl static path_end .jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html \定义ACL的组static以.jpg .jpeg .png .gif .txt .html结尾的文件
use_backend staticsrvs if static \当符合条件时使用static主机组
default_backend dynsrvs \当不符合use_bckend条件时使用默认default_backend主机组
acl valid_referers hdr_reg(Referer) .danran.com
block unless valid_referers \阻塞除了valid_referers组之外的所有人的访问
backend dynsrvs \定义动态主机组
balance roundrobin
server dynsrv1 172.16.253.105:80 check cookie dynsrv1
server dynsrv2 172.16.253.105:8080 check cookie dynsrv2
backend staticsrvs \定义静态主机组
balance roundrobin
server staticsrv1 172.16.253.191:80 check
server staticsrv2 172.16.253.191:8080 check
[root@HAProxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
client
模拟www.danran.com主机访问
[root@client ~]# curl -e "http://www.danran.com/index.php" http://172.16.253.108/index.php
<h1> Application Server 2</h1>