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  • NetCore组件

    NetCore之组件写法

    本章内容和大家分享的是Asp.NetCore组件写法,在netcore中很多东西都以提供组件的方式来使用,比如MVC架构,Session,Cache,数据库引用等; 这里我也通过调用验证码接口来自定义个组件以此说明如何使用,以及使用时需要注意的场景;

    Middleware之hello world

    对于netcore来说,通常会在UseStartup<Startup>对应的Startup类中引用组件,这个Startup可以换成自己自定义的其实类,不过需要在UseStartup的时候指向她;这里还是以Startup类为例,通过vs自动生成的文件,在这个类中我们能看到Configure方法体里面包含了:app.UseMvc(),app.UseStaticFiles(),app.xxx()等一些列自带的组件,下面来看下自定义个hello world中组件实例,首先使用静态扩展方法扩展IApplicationBuilder

    复制代码
     1  public static class MiddlewareExtends
     2     {
     3         /// <summary>
     4         /// 测试用例中间件
     5         /// </summary>
     6         /// <param name="builder"></param>
     7         /// <returns></returns>
     8         public static IApplicationBuilder UseTest(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
     9         {
    10             return builder.UseMiddleware<TestMiddleware>();
    11         }
    12 
    13     }
    复制代码

    使用 builder.UseMiddleware<TestMiddleware>() 来添加自定义组件,组件实现代码如下:

    复制代码
     1     public class TestMiddleware
     2     {
     3         private RequestDelegate _requestDelegate;
     4         public TestMiddleware(RequestDelegate requestDelegate)
     5         {
     6             _requestDelegate = requestDelegate;
     7         }
     8 
     9         public Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    10         {
    11 
    12             context.Items["TestMiddleware"] = "hello world,我是TestMiddleware。";
    13 
    14             return _requestDelegate(context);
    15         }
    16     }
    复制代码

    以上是最基础的组件格式;注:

    1. 组件必须要有 public Task Invoke(HttpContext context) ,HttpContext是咋们http上下文,Invoke()委托方法,每次程序被访问时就会进入Invoke;

    2. 要有 public delegate Task RequestDelegate(HttpContext context); 委托方法,来响应http请求;

    到这里咋们hello world就完成了,为了测试方法,我们直接在action中写入如下代码:

    复制代码
    1  public IActionResult About()
    2         {
    3 
    4             ViewData["Message"] = HttpContext.Items["TestMiddleware"];
    5             return View();
    6         }
    复制代码

    运行结果:

    组件异步写法

    复制代码
     1  public class TestMiddleware
     2     {
     3         private RequestDelegate _requestDelegate;
     4         public TestMiddleware(RequestDelegate requestDelegate)
     5         {
     6             _requestDelegate = requestDelegate;
     7         }
     8 
     9         public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    10         {
    11 
    12             context.Items["TestMiddleware"] = "hello world,我是asyncTestMiddleware。";
    13 
    14             await _requestDelegate(context);
    15         }
    16     }
    复制代码

    仅仅需要async 和 await 组合修饰就行了;

    .netcore自定义验证码组件

    复制代码
     1  /// <summary>
     2     /// 文字验证码
     3     /// </summary>
     4     public class WenZiCodeMiddleware
     5     {
     6         private RequestDelegate _requestDelegate;
     7         public WenZiCodeMiddleware(RequestDelegate requestDelegate)
     8         {
     9             _requestDelegate = requestDelegate;
    10         }
    11 
    12         public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    13         {
    14 
    15             var url = "http://localhost:1001/shenniuapi/WenZiValidateCode";
    16             using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    17             {
    18                 client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
    19 
    20                 var str = "{"UserName": "神牛步行3","UserPwd": "4297f44b13955235245b2497399d7a93","Token": "008我是测试"}";
    21                 var content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.UTF8, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    22                 content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
    23                 var result01 = client.PostAsync(url, content).Result;
    24                 var stream = await result01.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
    25                 using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
    26                 {
    27                     var result02 = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
    28                     context.Items["codedata"] = result02;
    29                 }
    30             }
    31 
    32             await _requestDelegate(context);
    33         }
    34     }
    复制代码

    我们同样需要再静态扩展方法里面添加如下代码,来加入组件:

    复制代码
    1 /// <summary>
    2         /// 文字验证码中间件
    3         /// </summary>
    4         /// <param name="builder"></param>
    5         /// <returns></returns>
    6         public static IApplicationBuilder UseWenZiValidateCode(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
    7         {
    8             return builder.UseMiddleware<WenZiCodeMiddleware>();
    9         }
    复制代码

    在Configure方法中,引用组件: app.UseWenZiValidateCode(); ;Action中,使用组件:

    复制代码
    1  public FileResult GetCode()
    2         {
    3             var data = HttpContext.Items["codedata"].ToString();
    4             var code = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MoValidateCodeResponse>(data);
    5             return File(code.CodeStream, "image/jpeg");
    6         }
    复制代码

    View试图中代码:

    1 GetCode:<img src="/home/GetCode" data-src="/home/GetCode" />

    效果展示:

    这里需要考虑场景是,我们上面提及到的Invoke方法是任意请求都会进入,那验证码这种功能做成组件是否不是很合理,因为验证码也只有在登陆界面或验证的界面需要用到而已,如我们上面写的验证码组件,每次都会被程序执行这显然不合理,因此个人认为如果你需要自定义组件,那么需要考量:是否每次请求都需要进入您的组件服务,如果不需要的话,那其实没必要弄一个组件,当然感觉很高大上;因此这里我不得不使用静态扩展方法(当然还有其他方式)来重写获取验证码的方法;

    静态扩展方法重写验证码组件

    由于上面我们在添加组件时有一个静态类了,那么我们直接在上面补充扩展方法:

    复制代码
     1 /// <summary>
     2         /// 文字验证码
     3         /// </summary>
     4         /// <param name="context"></param>
     5         /// <returns></returns>
     6         public static async Task<MoValidateCodeResponse> WenZiCode(this HttpContext context)
     7         {
     8             var code = default(MoValidateCodeResponse);
     9             try
    10             {
    11                 var url = "http://localhost:1001/shenniuapi/WenZiValidateCode";
    12                 using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    13                 {
    14                     client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
    15 
    16                     var str = "{"UserName": "神牛步行3","UserPwd": "4297f44b13955235245b2497399d7a93","Token": "008我是测试"}";
    17                     var content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.UTF8, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    18                     content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
    19                     var result01 = client.PostAsync(url, content).Result;
    20                     var stream = await result01.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
    21                     using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
    22                     {
    23                         var result02 = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
    24                         code = await JsonConvert.DeserializeObjectAsync<MoValidateCodeResponse>(result02);
    25                     }
    26                 }
    27             }
    28             catch (Exception ex)
    29             {
    30             }
    31             return code;
    32         }
    复制代码

    对应的验证码实体类:

     View Code

    这个时候同样来到Action中:

    复制代码
    1  public async Task<FileResult> GetCodeAsync()
    2         {
    3             var code = await HttpContext.WenZiCode();
    4 
    5             return File(code.CodeStream, "image/jpeg");
    6         }
    复制代码

    修改view试图代码,增加点击验证码图片重新获取新的验证码:

    复制代码
     1 <style type="text/css">
     2     img{cursor:pointer}
     3 </style>
     4 <h3>@ViewData["Message"]</h3>
     5 <h3>@ViewData["codedata"]</h3>
     6 GetCode:<img src="/home/GetCode" data-src="/home/GetCode" />
     7 GetCodeAsync:<img src="/home/GetCodeAsync" data-src="/home/GetCodeAsync" />
     8 
     9 <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    10 <script>
    11     $(function () {
    12         $("img").on("click", function () {
    13             var img = this;
    14             var nowTime = new Date().getTime();
    15             var src = $(img).attr("data-src") + "?t=" + nowTime;
    16             $(img).attr("src", src);
    17         });
    18     })
    19 </script>
    复制代码

    效果图:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/6687584.html
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