MongoDB 基础

MongoDB 基础

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和其他所有数据库一样，权限的管理都差不多一样。mongodb存储所有的用户信息在admin 数据库的集合system.users中，保存用户名、密码和数据库信息。mongodb默认不启用授权认证，只要能连接到该服务器，就可连接到mongod。若要启用安全认证，需要更改配置文件参数auth。

以下测试理解

查看数据库：

show dbs
发现 admin 竟然没有！~

找了好久，找不到相关说明，于是直接创建用户admin

use admin

db.createUser(
{
user: "admin",
pwd: "admin",
roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
}
)
成功创建，再查询admin中的集合，有数据了！

show collections
system.indexes
system.users
system.version

查看3个集合的信息：

db.system.users.find();
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "cFISfpbm04pmIFpqiL340g==", "storedKey" : "WG1DSEEEHUZUBjsjsnEA4RFVY2M=", "serverKey" : "9Lm+IX6l9kfaE/4C25/ghsQpDkE=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }

db.system.indexes.find();
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "id", "ns" : "admin.system.version" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "id", "ns" : "admin.system.users" }
{ "v" : 1, "unique" : true, "key" : { "user" : 1, "db" : 1 }, "name" : "user_1_db_1", "ns" : "admin.system.users" }

db.system.version.find();
{ "_id" : "authSchema", "currentVersion" : 5 }

现在启用 auth：
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/mongod.conf
auth=true

重启 mongod 服务：
[root@localhost ~]# service mongod restart

直接默认登录，查看集合，发现无权操作了：

[root@localhost ~]# mongo

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test

show dbs
2015-05-09T21:57:03.176-0700 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
"code" : 13
}
at Error ()
at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15)
at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33)
at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47

刚才在数据库 admin 创建了一个账户 admin ，先到数据admin进来连接（其他db则失败）：

[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test

db.auth("admin","admin")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
use mydb
switched to db mydb
db.auth("admin","admin")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
use admin
switched to db admin
db.auth("admin","admin")
1

db.auth("admin","admin") 返回值为1，说明登录成功！~db.auth("admin","admin") 记录是不存在的，执行完后这一行在shell中不会记录历史。

所以现在创建另一个用户"myuser"

db.createUser(
{
user: "myuser",
pwd: "myuser",
roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ]
}
)

也可以增删角色：

授予角色：db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "", db: "" } ])

db.grantRolesToUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ])

取消角色：db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "", db: "" } ])

db.revokeRolesFromUser( "myuser" , [ { role: "readWrite", db: "mydb" } ])

因为在admin数据库创建的，只能在 admin 数据库中登录：

db.auth("myuser","myuser")
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0

db
mydb
use admin
switched to db admin
db.auth("myuser","myuser");
1

此时是可以切换到所在的数据库进行相关操作：

use mydb
switched to db mydb

db.tab.save({"id":999});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

db.tab.find({"id":999});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 }

show collections
system.indexes
tab

在创建用户时可以在其数据库中创建，这样不用每次都进入admin数据库登录后再切换。如在数据库"mydb"创建用户"userkk"。
use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

db.createUser(
{
user: "userkk",
pwd: "userkk",
roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "mydb" } ]
}
)

db.auth("userkk","userkk")

---

                                                  华丽分割

---

现在授权测试：

先访问到admin数据库

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

切换到 mydb ，在数据库 mydb 中创建角色

roles: 创建角色"testRole"在数据库 "mydb" 中

privileges: 该角色可查看"find"数据库"mydb"的所有集合

db.dropRole("testRole")

use mydb

db.createRole({
role: "testRole",
privileges: [{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find" ] }],
roles: []
})

在admin数据库生成集合system.roles。查看角色。

use admin
switched to db admin

show collections
system.indexes
system.roles
system.users
system.version

db.system.roles.find();
{ "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] }

回到mydb，在数据库mydb中创建用户并授予角色"testRole"

db.dropUser("userkk")

use mydb

db.createUser(
{
user: "userkk",
pwd: "userkk",
roles: [ { role: "testRole", db: "mydb" } ]
}
)

退出mongodb，重新登录进行操作。发现只能使用find

exit
[root@localhost ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
use mydb
switched to db mydb

db.auth("userkk","userkk")
1

db.tab.find({"id":999})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 }

db.tab.insert({"id":1000})
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on mydb to execute command { insert: "tab", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('554f145cdf782b42499d80e5'), id: 1000.0 } ], ordered: true }"
}
})

给角色 "testRole" 添加3个 “Privileges”权限： "update", "insert", "remove"。再重新操作。
use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

添加Privileges给角色

db.grantPrivilegesToRole("testRole",
[{ resource: { db: "mydb", collection: "" },actions: [ "update", "insert", "remove" ]}
])

exit #退出mongodb重新登录

use mydb

db.auth("userkk","userkk")

增删数据可以操作了！~

db.tab.insert({"id":1000})
db.tab.find({"id":1000})
db.tab.remove({"id":1000})

此时admin的角色记录为：

db.system.roles.find();
{ "_id" : "mydb.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "mydb", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "mydb", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find", "insert", "remove", "update" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] }

更改角色 roles，把roles值全部更新。同样Privileges也可以更新替换！~

use admin

db.auth("admin","admin")

use mydb

db.updateRole("testRole",{ roles:[{ role: "readWrite",db: "mydb"}]},{ w:"majority" })

db.auth("userkk","userkk")

show dbs

关于角色，参考官方文档提取总结如下：

角色分类

角色

权限及角色

（本文大小写可能有些变化，使用时请参考官方文档）

Database User Roles

read

CollStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections

readWrite

CollStats,ConvertToCapped,CreateCollection,DbHash,DbStats,

DropCollection,CreateIndex,DropIndex,Emptycapped,Find,

Insert,KillCursors,ListIndexes,ListCollections,Remove,

RenameCollectionSameDB,update

Database Administration Roles

dbAdmin

collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,listIndexes,listCollections,

dropCollection 和 createCollection 在 system.profile

dbOwner

角色：readWrite, dbAdmin,userAdmin

userAdmin

ChangeCustomData,ChangePassword,CreateRole,CreateUser,

DropRole,DropUser,GrantRole,RevokeRole,ViewRole,viewUser

Cluster Administration Roles

clusterAdmin

角色：clusterManager, clusterMonitor, hostManager

clusterManager

AddShard,ApplicationMessage,CleanupOrphaned,FlushRouterConfig,

ListShards,RemoveShard,ReplSetConfigure,ReplSetGetStatus,

ReplSetStateChange,Resync,

EnableSharding,MoveChunk,SplitChunk,splitVector

clusterMonitor

connPoolStats,cursorInfo,getCmdLineOpts,getLog,getParameter,

getShardMap,hostInfo,inprog,listDatabases,listShards,netstat,

replSetGetStatus,serverStatus,shardingState,top

collStats,dbStats,getShardVersion

hostManager

applicationMessage,closeAllDatabases,connPoolSync,cpuProfiler,

diagLogging,flushRouterConfig,fsync,invalidateUserCache,killop,

logRotate,resync,setParameter,shutdown,touch,unlock

Backup and Restoration Roles

backup

提供在admin数据库mms.backup文档中insert,update权限

列出所有数据库：listDatabases

列出所有集合索引：listIndexes

对以下提供查询操作：find

*非系统集合

*系统集合：system.indexes, system.namespaces, system.js

*集合：admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles

restore

非系统集合、system.js，admin.system.users 和 admin.system.roles 及2.6 版本的system.users提供以下权限：

collMod,createCollection,createIndex,dropCollection,insert

列出所有数据库：listDatabases

system.users ：find,remove,update

All-Database Roles

readAnyDatabase

提供所有数据库中只读权限：read

列出集群所有数据库：listDatabases

readWriteAnyDatabase

提供所有数据库读写权限：readWrite

列出集群所有数据库：listDatabases

userAdminAnyDatabase

提供所有用户数据管理权限：userAdmin

Cluster：authSchemaUpgrade,invalidateUserCache,listDatabases

admin.system.users和admin.system.roles：

collStats,dbHash,dbStats,find,killCursors,planCacheRead

createIndex,dropIndex

dbAdminAnyDatabase

提供所有数据库管理员权限：dbAdmin

列出集群所有数据库：listDatabases

Superuser Roles

root

角色：dbOwner，userAdmin，userAdminAnyDatabase

readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase,

userAdminAnyDatabase，clusterAdmin

Internal Role

__system

集群中对任何数据库采取任何操作