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  • iOS------主题设置-->Appearance

    一、简述UIAppearance 是什么?

      1.UIAppearance是一个协议

      @protocol UIAppearance <NSObject>

      只要遵守了UIAppearance协议的类,都可以设置主题:

    但是它并不是支持所有的UI类。下面列出它支持的类
      1.UIActivitiIndicatorView
      2.UIBarButtonItem
      3.UIBarItem
      4.UINavgationBar
      5.UIPopoverControll
      6.UIProgressView
      7.UISearchBar
      8.UISegmentControll 
      9.UISlider
      10.UISwitch
      11.UITabBar
      12.UITabBarItem
      13.UIToolBar
      14.UIView
      15.UIViewController

    注意通过主题对象设置属性的前提: 属性后面是否带有UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR的方法

    例如UIToolBar
    它支持下列方法
    @property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *tintColor UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

    - (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

    - (UIImage *)backgroundImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

    - (void)setShadowImage:(UIImage *)shadowImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;

    - (UIImage *)shadowImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
    • 再例如:可以设置UITabBarItem文字主题
    - (void)setTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state
    NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
    • 案例:设置所有的UITabBarItem,普通与选中状态下的文字颜色
    二.UIAppearance都有什么方法
    + (instancetype)appearance;
    + (instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(nullable Class <UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(5_0, 9_0, "Use +appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses: instead") __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
    + (instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
    + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);
    + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait whenContainedIn:(nullable Class <UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(8_0, 9_0, "Use +appearanceForTraitCollection:whenContainedInInstancesOfClasses: instead") __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
    + (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait whenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);

    1.让某一类控件同时表现某种属性

    [[UIButton appearance] setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
    [[UIButton appearance] setTitle:@"呵呵哒" forState:UIControlStateNormal];

    2.让某一类控件在另一种控件中同时变现某种属性

    [[UIButton appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:@[[UIView class]]] setTitleColor:[UIColor grayColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

    上面这句话的意思 就是----使UIView上面的UIButton的titleColor都变成灰色的
    效果的话大家可以自己试试。

    三、运用主题appearance,是否会生效,何时会生效

    1、主题会生效:先设置控件主题,后添加控件,
    • 添加控件时,添加的那一刻会检查主题,会根据主题设置控件 =》主题会生效
    2、主题不会生效:先添加控件,后设置主题
    • 控件已经添加,后设置主题,对以前的添加的控件不起作用了
    • 如果,先添加控件,后设置主题,主题失效,我们该如何解决呢?
    3、如何解决主题失效问题
      • 方案1 :将控件所在控制器的View从窗口移除,因为主题已经确定了,再将控件所在控制器的View添加到窗口上 =》 此时主题就起作用了。


         
        • 缺点:扩展性不好,因为这样不能解决所有控制器上的控件的主题
      • 方案2:获取到应用的windows数组,然后遍历,将view删除,然后添加上即可
        • 注意:控件是否销毁,要看是否有强指针指向它

            

    四、总结:
    1、控件遵守了UIAppearance协议,才能对控件进行appearance设置
    2、只有被UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR这个宏修饰的属性才能使用appearance进行设置,其他属性则不具备该功能
    3、appearance设置需要在该控制显示之前设置完成,否则可能无效

    它提供如下两个方法:

    + (id)appearance;

    这个方法是统一全部改,比如你设置UINavigationBar的tintColor,你可以这样写:

    [[UINavigationBar appearance] setTintColor:myColor];
    + (id)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(Class <>)ContainerClass,...

    这个方法可设置某个类的改变,例如:
    设置UIBarButtonItem 在UINavigationBar、UIPopoverController、UITabbar中的效果,就可以这样写:

    [[UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBar class], 
      [UIPopoverController class],[UITabbar class],nil] setTintColor:myColor];

    请注意:使用appearance设置UI效果最好采用全局的设置,在所有界面初始化前开始设置,否则可能失效。

    具体UI外观修改如下:

    1.修改导航栏背景
    代码如下:

    UINavigationBar * appearance = [UINavigationBar appearance];
    UIImage *navBgImg =[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"];
    
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:navBgImg forBarMetrics:
      UIBarMetricsDefault];

    2.标签栏(UITabbar)
    代码如下:

    UITabBar *appearance = [UITabBar appearance];
    //设置背景图片
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]];
    //设置选择item的背景图片
    UIImage * selectedImage =[[UIImage imageNamed:@"sliderImage"]
      resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(2, 2, 2, 2)] ;
    [appearance setSelectionIndicatorImage:selectedImage];

    3.分段控件(UISegmentControl)
    代码如下:

    UISegmentedControl *appearance = [UISegmentedControl appearance];
    
    //Segmenteg正常背景
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                          forState:UIControlStateNormal
                        barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    //Segmente选中背景
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
                         forState:UIControlStateSelected
                       barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    /*
    Segmente左右都未选中时的分割线
    BarMetrics表示navigation bar的状态,UIBarMetricsDefault 表示
    portrait状态(44pixel height),UIBarMetricsLandscapePhone 
    表示landscape状态(32pixel height
    */
    
    [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
            forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
              rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
                     barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
            forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
              rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
                     barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"]
            forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
              rightSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
                     barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    //字体
    NSDictionary *textAtt1 = @{ 
    NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], 
    NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
    NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};
    
    [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt1 forState:1];
    
    NSDictionary *textAtt2 = @{ 
    NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
    NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
    NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};
    
    [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt2 forState:0];

    4.UIBarbutton
    注意:UIBarbutton有leftBarButton,rightBarButton和backBarButton,其中backBarButton由于带有箭头,需要单独设置。barButton背景设置是ios6.0及以后的,而backbutton是ios5.0及以后的,这里要注意!

    代码如下:

    //修改导航条上的UIBarButtonItem
    UIBarButtonItem *appearance = [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:
      [UINavigationBar class], nil];
    
    //设置导航栏的字体包括backBarButton和leftBarButton,rightBarButton的字体
    NSDictionary *textAttributes = @{ 
    NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], 
    NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], 
    NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]};
    
    [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes forState:1];
    //forState为0时为下正常状态,为1时为点击状态。
    
    //修改leftBarButton,rightBarButton背景效果
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                          forState:UIControlStateNormal
                             style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                        barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                          forState:UIControlStateHighlighted
                             style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
                        barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    //backBarButton需要单独设置背景效果,只能在ios6.0以后才能用
    [appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
                                    forState:0
                                  barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    [appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"]
                                    forState:1
                                  barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
    
    [appearance setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(2, -1)
                                       forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];

    5.工具栏(UIToolbar)

    UIToolbar *appearance = [UIToolbar appearance];
    //样式和背景二选一即可,看需求了
    //样式(黑色半透明,不透明等)设置
    [appearance setBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent];
    //背景设置
    [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]
                forToolbarPosition:UIToolbarPositionAny
                        barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
     
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/LifeTechnologySupporter/p/6529413.html
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