准备工作
下载mysql二进制包，以及安装mysql依赖包
#安装mysql所需依赖包 yum install libaio* -y #下载mysql二进制安装包 wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz #卸载系统自带mysql/mariadb rpm -qa | grep mysql rpm -qa | grep mariadb rpm -e --nodeps mysql rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
创建mysql用户和组
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
创建Mysql所需data和log目录
mkdir -p /oradata/data
mkdir -p /var/log/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /oradata/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql
chmod -R 755 /oradata/data
chmod -R 755 /var/log/mysql
解压mysql安装包并移至相关目录
#解压 tar xf mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz #移动 mv /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.14-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /ointall/mysql
配置/etc/my.cnf文件
[mysqld]
port=3306
basedir=/ointall/mysql
datadir=/oradata/data
log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
user=mysql
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
skip_host_cache
skip-name-resolve=1
#skip-grant-tables
[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
初始化数据库，这里生成的密码在后面登陆的时候并没用，所以记不记没什么关系
[root@mysql ointall]# /ointall/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/ointall/mysql/ --datadir=/oradata/data/
2019-03-15T10:04:27.501908Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /ointall/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.14) initializing of server in progress as process 10141
2019-03-15T10:04:29.827892Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: :rgVLupUj0W#
2019-03-15T10:04:30.842485Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /ointall/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.14) initializing of server has completed
制作启动文件
cp -a /ointall/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#更改启动文件路径
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
将basedir更改为basedir=/ointall/mysql
将basedir更改为basedir=/ointall/mysql/bin
将datadir更改为datadir=/oradata/data
#授予mysqld执行权限
chmod -R 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
#启动mysql服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
#创建软连接，也就是windows里面的快捷方式
ln -vs /ointall/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
注：如果所有操作，所有配置文件都没有错误的情况启动报如下错误，
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/oradata/data/rabbitmq.pid).
尝试用一下方法解决，具体原因不得而知。参考资料
/ointall/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
到这里，mysql安装已经全部结束。接下来是登陆问题，安装完mysql后无法正常登陆，不管是随机密码。还是空密码都不行
[root@mysql bin]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@mysql bin]# mysql -uroot -prgVLupUj0W#
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mysql bin]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
这时候我们修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]里面加一条如下参数。上的配置文件我已经给出了，只要去掉注释即可
skip-grant-tables
#重启mysql服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
重新登陆mysql，按照下面的步骤进行修改密码
[root@mysql bin]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 8.0.14 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Newings@123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
以上操作完成后将skip-grant-tables改参数注释掉然后重新起mysql服务。再次使用修改后的密码就可以正常登陆了。参考资料
[root@mysql bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@mysql bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@mysql bin]# mysql -uroot -pNewings@123 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.14 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye
附/etc/init.d/mysql修改后的配置
#!/bin/sh # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind # MySQL daemon start/stop script. # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql. # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is # started and shut down when the systems goes down. # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux # chkconfig: 2345 64 36 # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine. # Comments to support LSB init script conventions ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: mysql # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine. ### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you # have to do one of the following things for this script to work: # # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information: # [mysqld] # basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini) # and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable # below. # # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files. # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. basedir= datadir= # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting # for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely service_startup_timeout=900 # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE. lockdir='/var/lock/subsys' lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql" # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things. # Set some defaults mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/ointall/mysql bindir=/ointall/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/oradata/data fi sbindir=/ointall/mysql/bin libexecdir=/ointall/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="/oradata/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.) datadir_set= # # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible # lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin" export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testingc"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='c' ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="/oradata/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1 ;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults"; then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=(.*)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid else case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown" mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
蓝色部分修改部分。