Java对象的序列化和反序列化

一. 序列化和反序列化的概念

　　序列化：将对象转换成字节序列的过程称为对象的序列化。

　　反序列化：将字节序列恢复成对象的过程称为对象的反序列化。

二. 什么时候需要序列化

　　对象序列化的场景

　　1) 需要将内存中对象的字节序列永久化保存到磁盘中，通常是放在一个文件中；

　　2) 在网络上传送对象的字节序列到任何其他程序。

三. 如何进行序列化和反序列化

　　序列化的步骤：

　　1）创建一个对象输出流ObjectOutputStream ，它可以包装一个目标对象的输出流，比如文件输出流；

　　2）使用对象输出流的writeObject()方法写对象。

　　反序列化的步骤：

　　1）创建一个对象输入流ObjectInputStream，它可以包装成一个目标对象的输入流，比如文件输入流；

　　2）使用对象输入流的readObject()方法读对象。

四. 序列化在项目中的应用

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

import com.abc.bean.Student;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class TestSerializeAndDeserizlize {

    /**
     *  序列化
     */
    @Test
    public void testSerialize() throws IOException {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("天使");
        student.setAge(1);
        // 对象输出流
        ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/student.txt")));
        oo.writeObject(student);
        System.out.println("Student对象序列化成功");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeserrialize() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        // 对象输入流
        ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("E:/student.txt")));
        Student student = (Student) oi.readObject();
        System.out.println(student.getAge());
        System.out.println(student.getName());
        System.out.println("student对象反序列化成功");

    }
}

# 控制台输出
"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261injava.exe" -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:50887,suspend=y,server=n -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 -javaagent:C:UsersAdministratorAppDataLocalJetBrainsIntelliJIdea2020.2captureAgentdebugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2libidea_rt.jar;D:IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2pluginsjunitlibjunit5-rt.jar;D:IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2pluginsjunitlibjunit-rt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibext
ashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelib
esources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_261jrelib
t.jar;E:parttime1-primary	arget	est-classes;E:parttime1-primary	argetclasses;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-test-autoconfigure2.4.0spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-web2.4.0spring-boot-starter-web-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter2.4.0spring-boot-starter-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot2.4.0spring-boot-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-autoconfigure2.4.0spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-logging2.4.0spring-boot-starter-logging-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorychqoslogbacklogback-classic1.2.3logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorychqoslogbacklogback-core1.2.3logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapachelogginglog4jlog4j-to-slf4j2.13.3log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapachelogginglog4jlog4j-api2.13.3log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgslf4jjul-to-slf4j1.7.30jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryjakartaannotationjakarta.annotation-api1.3.5jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgyamlsnakeyaml1.27snakeyaml-1.27.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-json2.4.0spring-boot-starter-json-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-databind2.11.3jackson-databind-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-annotations2.11.3jackson-annotations-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksoncorejackson-core2.11.3jackson-core-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksondatatypejackson-datatype-jdk82.11.3jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksondatatypejackson-datatype-jsr3102.11.3jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomfasterxmljacksonmodulejackson-module-parameter-names2.11.3jackson-module-parameter-names-2.11.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-tomcat2.4.0spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgglassfishjakarta.el3.0.3jakarta.el-3.0.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapache	omcatembed	omcat-embed-websocket9.0.39	omcat-embed-websocket-9.0.39.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-web5.3.1spring-web-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-beans5.3.1spring-beans-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-webmvc5.3.1spring-webmvc-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-aop5.3.1spring-aop-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-context5.3.1spring-context-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-expression5.3.1spring-expression-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-test2.4.0spring-boot-starter-test-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-test2.4.0spring-boot-test-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomjaywayjsonpathjson-path2.4.0json-path-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epository
etminidevjson-smart2.3json-smart-2.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epository
etminidevaccessors-smart1.2accessors-smart-1.2.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgow2asmasm5.0.4asm-5.0.4.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgslf4jslf4j-api1.7.30slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryjakartaxmlindjakarta.xml.bind-api2.3.3jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryjakartaactivationjakarta.activation-api1.2.2jakarta.activation-api-1.2.2.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgassertjassertj-core3.18.1assertj-core-3.18.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorghamcresthamcrest2.2hamcrest-2.2.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitjupiterjunit-jupiter5.7.0junit-jupiter-5.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitjupiterjunit-jupiter-api5.7.0junit-jupiter-api-5.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapiguardianapiguardian-api1.1.0apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgopentest4jopentest4j1.2.0opentest4j-1.2.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitplatformjunit-platform-commons1.7.0junit-platform-commons-1.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitjupiterjunit-jupiter-params5.7.0junit-jupiter-params-5.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitjupiterjunit-jupiter-engine5.7.0junit-jupiter-engine-5.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgjunitplatformjunit-platform-engine1.7.0junit-platform-engine-1.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgmockitomockito-core3.6.0mockito-core-3.6.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epository
etytebuddyyte-buddy1.10.18yte-buddy-1.10.18.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epository
etytebuddyyte-buddy-agent1.10.18yte-buddy-agent-1.10.18.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgobjenesisobjenesis3.1objenesis-3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgmockitomockito-junit-jupiter3.6.0mockito-junit-jupiter-3.6.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgskyscreamerjsonassert1.5.0jsonassert-1.5.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositorycomvaadinexternalgoogleandroid-json.0.20131108.vaadin1android-json-0.0.20131108.vaadin1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-core5.3.1spring-core-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-jcl5.3.1spring-jcl-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-test5.3.1spring-test-5.3.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgxmlunitxmlunit-core2.7.0xmlunit-core-2.7.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-starter-actuator2.4.0spring-boot-starter-actuator-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure2.4.0spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgspringframeworkootspring-boot-actuator2.4.0spring-boot-actuator-2.4.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryiomicrometermicrometer-core1.6.1micrometer-core-1.6.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorghdrhistogramHdrHistogram2.1.12HdrHistogram-2.1.12.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorglatencyutilsLatencyUtils2.0.3LatencyUtils-2.0.3.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapache	omcatembed	omcat-embed-jasper9.0.39	omcat-embed-jasper-9.0.39.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapache	omcatembed	omcat-embed-core9.0.39	omcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapache	omcat	omcat-annotations-api9.0.39	omcat-annotations-api-9.0.39.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgapache	omcatembed	omcat-embed-el9.0.39	omcat-embed-el-9.0.39.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorgeclipsejdtecj3.18.0ecj-3.18.0.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryjunitjunit4.13.1junit-4.13.1.jar;D:apache-maven-3.6.3
epositoryorghamcresthamcrest-core2.2hamcrest-core-2.2.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.abc.serialize.TestSerializeAndDeserizlize
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50887', transport: 'socket'
1
天使
student对象反序列化成功
Student对象序列化成功
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50887', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0

 参考博客：

　　https://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3777987.html