什么是DBUtils及作用
DBUtils是java编程中的数据库操作实用工具,小巧简单实用。
DBUtils封装了对JDBC的操作,简化了JDBC操作。可以少写代码。
1.对于数据表的读操作,他可以把结果转换成List,Array,Set等java集合,便于程序员操作;
2.对于数据表的写操作,也变得很简单(只需写sql语句)
3.可以使用数据源,使用JNDI,数据库连接池等技术来优化性能--重用已经构建好的数据库连接对象
DBUtils的三个核心对象
> QueryRunner类(提供了增删改查的方法)
QueryRunner中提供对sql语句操作的API.
它主要有三个方法
query() 用于执行select
update() 用于执行insert update delete
batch() 批处理
构造方法:
> new QueryRunner();
它的事务可以手动控制。
也就是说此对象调用的方法(如:query、update、batrch)参数中要有Connection对象。
> new QueryRunner(DataSource ds);
它的事务是自动控制的。一个sql一个事务。
此对象调用的方法(如:query、update、batrch)参数中无需Connection对象。
方法:
>ResultSetHandler接口(处理结果)
用于定义select操作后,怎样封装结果集.
ResultSetHandler下的所有结果处理器:
//ArrayHandler:适合取1条记录。把该条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[]
//ArrayListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[],把数组封装到一个List中
//ColumnListHandler:取某一列的数据。封装到List中。
//KeyedHandler:取多条记录,每一条记录封装到一个Map中,再把这个Map封装到另外一个Map中,key为指定的字段值。
//MapHandler:适合取1条记录。把当前记录的列名和列值放到一个Map中
//MapListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录封装到一个Map中,再把Map封装到List中
//ScalarHandler:适合取单行单列数据
BeanHandler
BeanListHandler
> DBUtils类(关闭资源与事务的操作)
它就是一个工具类,定义了关闭资源与事务处理的方法
DBUtils快速入门
> 导入jar包
> 创建QueryRunner对象
> 使用query方法执行select语句
> 使用ResultSetHandler封装结果集
> 使用DbUtils类释放资源
实现步骤:
CREATE DATABASE day14; USE day14; create table account( id int primary key auto_increment, name varcar(50), money float ); insert into account(name,money) values('aaa',1000); insert into account(name,money) values('bbb',1000); insert into account(name,money) values('ccc',1000); SELECT * FROM account;
//创建QueryRunner对象
//使用query方法执行select语句
//使用ResultSetHandler封装结果集
//使用DbUtils类释放资源
C3P0Utils:
package com.itheima.util; import java.beans.PropertyVetoException; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import javax.sql.DataSource; import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource; public class C3P0Util { //得到一个数据源 private static DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource(); public static DataSource getDataSource() { return dataSource; } //从数据源中得到一个连接对象 public static Connection getConnection(){ try { return dataSource.getConnection(); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new RuntimeException("服务器错误"); } } public static void release(Connection conn,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){ //关闭资源 if(rs!=null){ try { rs.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } rs = null; } if(stmt!=null){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } stmt = null; } if(conn!=null){ try { conn.close();//关闭 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } conn = null; } } }
c3p0-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <c3p0-config> <default-config> <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day06</property> <property name="user">root</property> <property name="password">abc</property> <property name="initialPoolSize">10</property> <property name="maxIdleTime">30</property> <property name="maxPoolSize">100</property> <property name="minPoolSize">10</property> </default-config> </c3p0-config>
User:
package com.itheima.entity; import java.util.Date; public class User { private int id; private String name; private String password; private String email; private Date birthday; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]"; } }
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler; import org.junit.Test; import com.itheima.entity.User; import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.ARRAYLENGTH; public class TestSelect { @Test public void testSelect() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users", new ResultSetHandler<List<User>>(){ //当query方法执行select语句后,将结果集以参数的形式传递过来 public List<User> handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException { List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>(); while(rs.next()){ User u = new User(); u.setId(rs.getInt(1)); u.setName(rs.getString(2)); u.setPassword(rs.getString(3)); u.setEmail(rs.getString(4)); u.setBirthday(rs.getDate(5)); list.add(u); } return list; } }); for (User user : list) { System.out.println(user); } } @Test public void testSelect2() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); //执行查询语句,并返回结果 List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users where id=? and username=?", new BeanListHandler<User>(User.class),8,"jerry"); //把结果集封装到了user中 for (User user : list) { System.out.println(user); } } }
TestCRUD:
import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Date; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.junit.Test; public class TestCRUD { @Test public void testInsert() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); //执行sql语句 qr.update("insert into users(username,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?)", "菜10","123","c10@163.com",new Date()); } @Test public void testUpdate() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); qr.update("update users set username=?,password=? where id=?", "周杰杰","333",15); } @Test public void testDelete() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); qr.update("delete from users where id=?", 15); } @Test//批处理,只能执行相同的sql语句 public void testBatch() throws SQLException{ //创建一个QueryRunner对象 QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); Object[][] params = new Object[10][];//高维代表执行多少次sql语句 for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { params[i] = new Object[]{"菜10"+i,"123","c10@163.com",new Date()};//给每次执行的sql语句中的?赋值 } qr.batch("insert into users(username,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?)", params ); } }
TestResultSetHandler:
import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.KeyedHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler; import org.junit.Test; import com.itheima.entity.User; public class TestResultSetHandler { @Test//ArrayHandler:适合取1条记录。把该条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[] public void tese1() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); Object[] arr = qr.query("select * from users", new ArrayHandler()); for (Object o : arr) { System.out.println(o); } } @Test//ArrayListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[],把数组封装到一个List中 public void tese2() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); List<Object[]> query = qr.query("select * from users", new ArrayListHandler()); for (Object[] os : query) { for (Object o : os) { System.out.println(o); } System.out.println("--------------"); } } @Test //ColumnListHandler:取某一列的数据。封装到List中。 public void tese3() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); List<Object> list = qr.query("select username,password from users", new ColumnListHandler(1)); for (Object o : list) { System.out.println(o); } } @Test //KeyedHandler:取多条记录,每一条记录封装到一个Map中,再把这个Map封装到另外一个Map中,key为指定的字段值。 public void tese4() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); //大Map的key是表中的某列数据,小Map中的key是表的列名,所以大Map的key是Object类型,小Map的key是String类型 Map<Object,Map<String,Object>> map = qr.query("select * from users", new KeyedHandler(1)); for (Map.Entry<Object, Map<String,Object>> m : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println(m.getKey());//大Map中key值就是id列的值 for (Map.Entry<String, Object> mm : m.getValue().entrySet()) { System.out.println(mm.getKey()+" "+mm.getValue());//取出小Map中的列名和列值 } System.out.println("---------------------"); } } @Test//MapHandler:适合取1条记录。把当前记录的列名和列值放到一个Map中 public void tese5() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); Map<String,Object> map = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new MapHandler(),20); for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println(m.getKey()+" "+m.getValue()); } } @Test//MapListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录封装到一个Map中,再把Map封装到List中 public void tese6() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); List<Map<String,Object>> list = qr.query("select * from users", new MapListHandler()); for (Map<String, Object> map : list) { for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println(m.getKey()+" "+m.getValue()); } System.out.println("---------------"); } } @Test //ScalarHandler:适合取单行单列数据 public void tese7() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); Object o = qr.query("select count(*) from users", new ScalarHandler(1)); System.out.println(o.getClass().getName()); } @Test //BeanHandler:适合取单行单列数据 public void tese8() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); User user = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new BeanHandler<User>(User.class),1); System.out.println(user); } @Test //BeanListHandler public void tese9() throws SQLException{ QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource()); List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new BeanListHandler<User>(User.class),1); System.out.println(list.size()); } }
KeyedHandler:
转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/CSDN_GIA/article/details/54137732