逻辑备份
mysqldump 普通备份
time mysqldump -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 --routines --set-gtid-purged=OFF --triggers --events --single-transaction --master-data=2 --all-databases>/data/compressed/backup.sql
real 0m19.349s
user 0m3.879s
sys 0m0.951s
du -sh /data/compressed/ && rm -rf /data/compressed/*
362M /data/compressed/
mysqlpump 并行备份
time mysqlpump -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --triggers --default-parallelism=4 --routines --events --single-transaction --all-databases>/data/compressed/backup.sql
real 0m6.942s
user 0m5.803s
sys 0m0.916s
du -sh /data/compressed/ && rm -rf /data/compressed/*
363M /data/compressed/
mysqlpump 压缩并行备份
time mysqlpump -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --triggers --default-parallelism=4 --routines --events --compress-output=LZ4 --single-transaction --all-databases>/data/compressed/backup.sql
real 0m7.714s
user 0m7.149s
sys 0m0.611s
du -sh /data/compressed/
213M /data/compressed/
time lz4_decompress /data/compressed/backup.sql /data/backup.sql
ll -h /data/backup.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 363M Sep 16 19:53 /data/backup.sql
mydumper 并行备份
time mydumper -u admin -p admin -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 --routines --triggers -t 4 --events -o /data/compressed
real 0m7.582s
user 0m1.810s
sys 0m0.715s
du -sh /data/compressed/
371M /data/compressed/
mydumper 并行压缩备份
time mydumper -u admin -p admin -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -c --routines --triggers -t 4 --events -o /data/compressed
real 0m12.751s
user 0m26.136s
sys 0m0.418s
du -sh /data/compressed/
119M /data/compressed/
注意
mydumper备份MySQL GTID单独存放在metadata文件里
cat /data/compressed/metadata
Started dump at: 2018-09-16 17:33:32
SHOW MASTER STATUS:
Log: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 47557983
GTID:898db7fe-f80a-11e7-b8d4-fa163efd7144:1-75
Finished dump at: 2018-09-16 17:33:45
小结
对2.3G datadir 分别进行逻辑备份，占用时间最短的是mysqlpump并行备份（7s）;占用空间最小的是mydumper并行压缩备份（119M），对于数据库较小可以采用mysqldpump或mydumper并行备份，备份速度都要优于mysqldump。
物理备份
xtrabackup --version
xtrabackup version 2.4.8
ll /usr/bin/innobackupex
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jan 22 2018 /usr/bin/innobackupex -> xtrabackup
innobackupex 是xtrabackup的软链接，在percona-xtrabackup8.0版本中被移除
du -sh /opt/mysql/data/3306/
2.3G /opt/mysql/data/3306/
xtrabackup 压缩备份
time xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --backup --compress --target-dir=/data/compressed/
real 0m44.597s
user 0m4.905s
sys 0m1.562s
du -sh /data/compressed/
675M /data/compressed/
yum -y install qpress
time xtrabackup --decompress --target-dir=/data/compressed/
real 0m28.961s
user 0m4.767s
sys 0m5.995s
xtrabackup 并行压缩备份
time xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --backup --compress --compress-threads=4 --parallel=4 --target-dir=/data/compressed/
real 0m31.813s
user 0m5.159s
sys 0m1.803s
du -sh /data/compressed/
673M /data/compressed/
time xtrabackup --decompress --parallel=4 --target-dir=/data/compressed/
real 0m24.684s
user 0m5.384s
sys 0m8.028s
innobackupex 并行压缩备份
time /usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --compress --compress-threads=4 --parallel=4 /data/compressed/
real 0m29.864s
user 0m4.680s
sys 0m1.460s
du -sh /data/compressed/ && rm -rf /data/compressed/
673M /data/compressed/
innobackupex xbstream 流式备份
mkdir -p /data/backup
time innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --stream=xbstream /data/backup/ > /data/backup/backup.xbstream
real 0m42.509s
user 0m0.947s
sys 0m2.642s
du -ch /data/backup/
1.9G /data/backup/
1.9G total
time xbstream -x</data/backup/backup.xbstream -C /backup
real 0m28.451s
user 0m0.308s
sys 0m13.889s
innobackupex xbstream 流式压缩并行备份
time innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --stream=xbstream --compress --compress-threads=4 --parallel=4 /data/backup/ > /data/backup/backup.xbstream
real 0m35.992s
user 0m4.988s
sys 0m1.909s
du -sh /data/backup/
672M /data/backup/
innobackupex tar 流式备份
time innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --stream=tar /data/backup/ > /data/backup/out.tar
real 0m40.338s
user 0m0.641s
sys 0m2.726s
du -sh /data/backup/
1.9G /data/backup/
innobackupex tar 流式压缩备份
`
time innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --stream=tar /data/backup/ | gzip > /data/backup/out.tar.gz
real 1m47.964s
user 1m19.120s
sys 0m2.883s
du -ch /data/backup/
476M /data/backup/
time tar -zxf /data/backup/out.tar.gz -C /backup/
real 0m28.718s
user 0m11.294s
sys 0m18.175s
innobackupex tar 流式压缩并行备份
并行备份无效
time innobackupex --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/3306/my.cnf --parallel=4 -uadmin -padmin --socket=/opt/mysql/data/3306/mysqld.sock --stream=tar /data/backup/ | gzip > /data/backup/out.tar.gz
real 1m50.192s
user 1m18.925s
sys 0m2.768s
xtrabackup: using O_DIRECT
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: warning: the --parallel option does not have any effect when streaming in the 'tar' format. You can use the 'xbstream' format instead.
小结
对2.3G datadir 分别进行物理备份，备份占用时间最短的是innobackupex压缩并行备份（30s）和xtrabackup 压缩并行备份（31s），其次是innobackupex xbstream 流式压缩并行备份（35s）；备份占用空间最小的是innobackupex tar流式压缩备份（476M），innobackupex tar流式备份不支持并行备份
若更在意备份时间，推荐xtrabackup/innobackupex 压缩并行备份，若更在意备份空间占用大小，推荐innobackupex tar流式压缩备份
数据量较大适合物理备份