day13

sqlalchemy创建表结构：一对多

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
#创建数据连接引擎
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123.com@192.168.11.233:3306/zeng", max_overflow=5)
Base = declarative_base()
class user(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username = Column(String(32))
    group_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('group.nid'))

class group(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'group'
    nid =  Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    name = Column(String(32))
#创建表
# Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = Session()
    # session.add(group(name='DBA'))
    # session.add(group(name='SA'))
    # session.commit()

    session.add_all([
        user(username='alex1',group_id=1),
        user(username='alex2',group_id=2)
    ])
    session.commit()

 一对多

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123.com@192.168.11.233:3306/zeng", max_overflow=5)

Base = declarative_base()
# 一对多
# class group(Base):
#     __tablename__ = 'group'
#     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
#     caption = Column(String(32))
# class user(Base):
#     __tablename__ = 'user'
#     nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
#     username = Column(String(32))
#     group_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('group.nid'))
#     group = relationship("group", backref='uuu')
#     def __repr__(self):
#         temp = "%s - %s: %s" %(self.nid, self.username, self.group_id)
#         return temp

class user(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    nid = Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username = Column(String(32))
    group_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('group.nid'))


#相当于 把group实例嵌套到user实例中的group字段
    group = relationship("group", backref='uuu')
    def __repr__(self):
        temp = "%s - %s: %s" %(self.nid, self.username, self.group_id)
        return temp

class group(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'group'
    nid =  Column(Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    name = Column(String(32))



#创建表，和删除表
# Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
# Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)

#创建连接
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()


#在表中添加信息
# session.add(Group(caption='dba'))
# session.add(Group(caption='ddd'))
#提交
# session.commit()


#在表中添加多条信息
# session.add_all([
#     User(username='alex1',group_id=1),
#     User(username='alex2',group_id=2)
# ])
# session.commit()

# 只是获取用户
# ret = session.query(User).filter(User.username == 'alex1').all()
# print(ret)
# ret = session.query(User).all()
# obj = ret[0]
# print(ret)
# print(obj)
# print(obj.nid)
# print(obj.username)
# print(obj.group_id)

#映射
# ret = session.query(User.username).all()
# print(ret)
# sql = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True)
# print(sql)
# ret = session.query(User,Group).join(Group, isouter=True).all()
# print(ret)
# select * from user left join group on user.group_id = group.nid



#原始方法,连表查询
r = session.query(user.username,group.name).join(group,isouter=True).all()
print(r)
#新方式，正向查询
ret = session.query(user).all()
for obj in ret:
    print(obj.nid,obj.username,obj.group_id,obj.group.nid,obj.group.name)

#原始方法
q = session.query(user.username,group.name).join(group,isouter=True).filter(group.name=='DBA').all()
print(q)
#反向查询
obj2 = session.query(group).filter(group.name == 'DBA').first()
print(obj2.nid)
print(obj2.name)
print(obj2.uuu)

多对多表结构

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, UniqueConstraint, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship

engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://root:123.com@192.168.11.233:3306/zeng", max_overflow=5)
Base = declarative_base()

####****************定义表************************
class Host(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'host'
    nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    hostname = Column(String(32))
    port = Column(String(32))
    ip = Column(String(32))

class HostUser(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'host_user'
    nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username = Column(String(32))

class HostToHostUser(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'host_to_host_user'
    nid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    host_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host.nid'))
    host_user_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey('host_user.nid'))
#******************与另外两张表建立关系，可以通过h，u查询************************
    host = relationship("Host",backref='h')
    host_user = relationship("HostUser",backref = 'u')


# Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session=Session()



    host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname=='c1').first()
    print(host_obj.h)
    for i in host_obj.h:
        print(i.host_user.username)
    # session.commit()
#获取1中所有用户
#     host_obj = session.query(Host).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1').first()
#     print(host_obj)
# #获取id为host_obj.nid的所有数据
#     host_2_host_user = session.query(HostToHostUser.host_user_id).filter(HostToHostUser.host_id == host_obj.nid).all()
#     print(host_2_host_user)
#     r = zip(*host_2_host_user)
#     users = session.query(HostUser.username).filter((HostUser.nid.in_list(r)[0])).all()
#     print(users)
#原始代码
# session.query(HostUser.name).filter(HostUser.nid.in_(session.query(HostToHostUser.host_user_id).filter(HostToHostUser.host_id == session.query(Host.nid).filter(Host.hostname == 'c1'))))

堡垒机前戏

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

+ View Code

基于公钥密钥连接：

+ View Code

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

+ View Code

基于公钥密钥上传下载

+ View Code

堡垒机的实现 

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

1. 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
2. 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
3. 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
4. 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

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import getpass   user = raw_input('username:') pwd = getpass.getpass('password') if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':     print '登陆成功' else:     print '登陆失败'

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

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dic = {     'alex': [         '172.16.103.189',         'c10.puppet.com',         'c11.puppet.com',     ],     'eric': [         'c100.puppet.com',     ] }   host_list = dic['alex']   print 'please select:' for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):     print index, item   inp = raw_input('your select (No):') inp = int(inp) hostname = host_list[inp-1] port = 22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

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tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,)) tran.start_client() default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path) tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)   # 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell()   ######### # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器 # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回 # 用户终端显示内容 #########   chan.close() tran.close()

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

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linux：     yum install MySQL-python   window：     http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

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show databases; use [databasename]; create database  [name];

2、数据表操作

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show tables;   create table students     (         id int  not null auto_increment primary key,         name char(8) not null,         sex char(4) not null,         age tinyint unsigned not null,         tel char(13) null default "-"     );

3、数据操作

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insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')   delete from students where id =2;   update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;   select * from students

4、其他

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主键 外键 左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

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import MySQLdb    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')    cur = conn.cursor()    reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa')) # reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})    conn.commit()    cur.close() conn.close()    print reCount

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

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import MySQLdb   conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')   cur = conn.cursor()   reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')   conn.commit()   cur.close() conn.close()   print reCount

三、修改数据

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import MySQLdb   conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')   cur = conn.cursor()   reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))   conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close()   print reCount

四、查数据

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# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num)  ##############################   import MySQLdb   conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') cur = conn.cursor()   reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')   print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative') print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone() cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute') print cur.fetchone() print cur.fetchone()   cur.close() conn.close()   print reCount       # ############################## fetchall  ##############################   import MySQLdb   conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) cur = conn.cursor()   reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')   nRet = cur.fetchall()   cur.close() conn.close()   print reCount print nRet for i in nRet:     print i[0],i[1]