1、一开始，只有一个主分支（master），HEAD指向Master，而Master指向主分支。现在我们创建dev分支。
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git checkout -b dev Switched to a new branch 'dev' lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $
git checkout命令加上-b参数表示创建并切换，相当于以下两条命令：
$ git branch dev $ git checkout dev Switched to branch 'dev'
然后，用git branch命令查看当前分支：
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ git branch * dev master lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $
git branch命令会列出所有分支，当前分支前面会标一个*号。然后，我们就可以在dev分支上正常提交，比如对readme.txt做个修改。
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ vim readme.txt lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ git add readme.txt lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ git commit -m "branch test" [dev 1df3a8d] branch test 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 readme.txt
切换到master分支。
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git branch dev * master lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ ls LICENSE README.md lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $
刚才在dev分支的readme.txt文件不见了。将dev分支修改的内容合并到master分支：
命令：git merge branch_name
解析：用于合并指定分支到当前分支。合并后，再查看readme.txt的内容，就可以看到，和dev分支的最新提交是完全一样的。
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (dev) $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git branch dev * master lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git merge dev Updating d1b1bf0..1df3a8d Fast-forward readme.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 readme.txt lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $
Fast-forward信息，Git告诉我们，这次合并是“快进模式”，也就是直接把master指向dev的当前提交，所以合并速度非常快。当然，也不是每次合并都能Fast-forward，我们后面会讲其他方式的合并。
合并完成后，就可以放心地删除dev分支了：
lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git branch -d dev Deleted branch dev (was 1df3a8d). lfy@lfy-PC MINGW64 /c/fyliu/lfyTemp/gitLocalRepository/yangjie (master) $ git branch * master
2、解决冲突