Preface
As wel all know,replication base on GTID with row format of binary log is comprehensive used nowadays,especially in MySQL 5.7 version above.I'm going to demonstrate a simplest way to implement a replacation within two servers.
Framework
| Hostname | IP/Port | Identity | OS Version | MySQL Version | GTID Mode | Binlog Format |
| zlm2 | 192.168.1.101/3306 | master | CentOS 7.0 | 5.7.21 | on | row |
| zlm3 | 192.168.1.102/3306 | slave | CentOS 7.0 | 5.7.21 | on | row |
Procedure
Generate a new backup by mysqldump and send it to slave host.
1 [root@zlm2 09:59:29 ~] 2 #mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock -p -A --single-transaction --master-data=2 > db3306_`date +%Y%m%d`.sql 3 Enter password: 4 Warning: A partial dump from a server that has GTIDs will by default include the GTIDs of all transactions, even those that changed suppressed parts of the database. If you don't want to restore GTIDs, pass --set-gtid-purged=OFF. To make a complete dump, pass --all-databases --triggers --routines --events. 5 6 [root@zlm2 10:04:12 ~] 7 #ls -l|grep *.sql 8 9 [root@zlm2 10:04:17 ~] 10 #ls -l|grep db3306 11 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7332442 Jul 10 10:04 db3306_20180710.sql 12 13 [root@zlm2 10:04:25 ~] 14 #scp db3306_20180710.sql 192.168.1.102:/data 15 root@192.168.1.102's password: 16 db3306_20180710.sql 100% 7161KB 7.0MB/s 00:00 17 18 [root@zlm2 10:05:03 ~] 19 #
Import the backup on slave host with mysql client tool.
1 [root@zlm3 10:08:32 ~] 2 #cd /data 3 4 [root@zlm3 10:08:34 /data] 5 #ls -l 6 total 7164 7 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 63 Jun 6 04:24 backup 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7332442 Jul 10 10:05 db3306_20180710.sql 9 drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 22 Apr 28 14:01 mysql 10 11 [root@zlm3 10:08:54 /data] 12 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock -p < db3306_20180710.sql 13 Enter password: 14 ERROR 1840 (HY000) at line 24: @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty. 15 16 //We cannot set global.gtid_purged while global.gtid_executed isn't empty before MySQL 8.0. 17 //The only way is executing "reset master;" on slave. 18 19 [root@zlm3 10:09:23 /data] 20 #mysql 21 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. 22 Your MySQL connection id is 4 23 Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) 24 25 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26 27 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 28 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 29 owners. 30 31 Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. 32 33 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show master status; 34 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 35 | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | 36 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 37 | mysql-bin.000008 | 230 | | | 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:1-1871, 38 5c77c31b-4add-11e8-81e2-080027de0e0e:1-140, 39 ed142e35-6ed1-11e8-86c6-080027de0e0e:1-17 | 40 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 41 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 42 43 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>reset master; //After execute it,binlogs on slave will be deleted. 44 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) 45 46 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show master status; 47 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 48 | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | 49 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 50 | mysql-bin.000001 | 150 | | | | 51 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 52 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 53 54 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>exit 55 Bye 56 57 [root@zlm3 10:10:01 /data] 58 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock -p < db3306_20180710.sql //Import backed data again. 59 Enter password: 60 61 [root@zlm3 10:10:11 /data] 62 #
Create replication user 'replica' with password 'replica' on master host.
1 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>create user replica@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replica'; 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 3 4 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>grant replication slave on *.* to replica@'192.168.1.%'; 5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 6 7 //You can also create the replication user before generating backup. 8 //Take care of the operation of flushing privileges if there're any problem after executing "start salve;".
Set "change master ... " on slave host.
1 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>change master to 2 -> master_host='192.168.1.101', 3 -> master_port=3306, 4 -> master_user='replica', 5 -> master_password='replica', 6 -> master_auto_position=1; //As we are using GTID mode to implement replication,this is indispensable. 7 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) 8 9 //If you've forgotten the syntax,you can type "help change master to" to know details. 10 11 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show warnings; 12 +-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 13 | Level | Code | Message | 14 +-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 15 | Note | 1759 | Sending passwords in plain text without SSL/TLS is extremely insecure. | 16 | Note | 1760 | Storing MySQL user name or password information in the master info repository is not secure and is therefore not recommended. Please consider using the USER and PASSWORD connection options for START SLAVE; see the 'START SLAVE Syntax' in the MySQL Manual for more information. | 17 +-------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 18 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 19 20 //Ignore these above warnings. 21 22 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show slave statusG 23 *************************** 1. row *************************** 24 Slave_IO_State: 25 Master_Host: 192.168.1.101 26 Master_User: replica 27 Master_Port: 3306 28 Connect_Retry: 60 29 Master_Log_File: 30 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4 31 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001 32 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 33 Relay_Master_Log_File: 34 Slave_IO_Running: No 35 Slave_SQL_Running: No 36 Replicate_Do_DB: 37 Replicate_Ignore_DB: 38 Replicate_Do_Table: 39 Replicate_Ignore_Table: 40 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 41 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 42 Last_Errno: 0 43 Last_Error: 44 Skip_Counter: 0 45 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0 46 Relay_Log_Space: 150 47 Until_Condition: None 48 Until_Log_File: 49 Until_Log_Pos: 0 50 Master_SSL_Allowed: No 51 Master_SSL_CA_File: 52 Master_SSL_CA_Path: 53 Master_SSL_Cert: 54 Master_SSL_Cipher: 55 Master_SSL_Key: 56 Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL 57 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No 58 Last_IO_Errno: 0 59 Last_IO_Error: 60 Last_SQL_Errno: 0 61 Last_SQL_Error: 62 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 63 Master_Server_Id: 0 64 Master_UUID: 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e 65 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info 66 SQL_Delay: 0 67 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL 68 Slave_SQL_Running_State: 69 Master_Retry_Count: 86400 70 Master_Bind: 71 Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 72 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 73 Master_SSL_Crl: 74 Master_SSL_Crlpath: 75 Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 76 Executed_Gtid_Set: 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:1-695013, 77 ed142e35-6ed1-11e8-86c6-080027de0e0e:1-17 78 Auto_Position: 1 79 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 80 Channel_Name: 81 Master_TLS_Version: 82 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 83 84 //The output shows the details about master info.
Execute "start slave;" on slave host.
1 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>start slave; 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 3 4 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show slave statusG 5 *************************** 1. row *************************** 6 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 7 Master_Host: 192.168.1.101 8 Master_User: replica 9 Master_Port: 3306 10 Connect_Retry: 60 11 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 12 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 641 13 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 14 Relay_Log_Pos: 806 15 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 16 Slave_IO_Running: Yes //IO Thread is working normally. 17 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //SQL Thread is working normally. 18 Replicate_Do_DB: 19 Replicate_Ignore_DB: 20 Replicate_Do_Table: 21 Replicate_Ignore_Table: 22 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 23 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 24 Last_Errno: 0 25 Last_Error: 26 Skip_Counter: 0 27 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 641 28 Relay_Log_Space: 999 29 Until_Condition: None 30 Until_Log_File: 31 Until_Log_Pos: 0 32 Master_SSL_Allowed: No 33 Master_SSL_CA_File: 34 Master_SSL_CA_Path: 35 Master_SSL_Cert: 36 Master_SSL_Cipher: 37 Master_SSL_Key: 38 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 39 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No 40 Last_IO_Errno: 0 41 Last_IO_Error: 42 Last_SQL_Errno: 0 43 Last_SQL_Error: 44 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 45 Master_Server_Id: 1013306 46 Master_UUID: 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e 47 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info 48 SQL_Delay: 0 49 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL 50 Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates 51 Master_Retry_Count: 86400 52 Master_Bind: 53 Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 54 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 55 Master_SSL_Crl: 56 Master_SSL_Crlpath: 57 Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:695014-695015 58 Executed_Gtid_Set: 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:1-695015, 59 ed142e35-6ed1-11e8-86c6-080027de0e0e:1-17 60 Auto_Position: 1 61 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 62 Channel_Name: 63 Master_TLS_Version: 64 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Okay,we are well-off to get a replication architecture now.Is that simple?
Variables relevant to GTID on master host.
1 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 | Variable_name | Value | 3 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON | 5 | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | 6 | group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join | OFF | 7 | group_replication_gtid_assignment_block_size | 1000000 | 8 | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 | 9 | gtid_mode | ON | 10 | gtid_next | AUTOMATIC | 11 | gtid_owned | | 12 | gtid_purged | 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:1-695003, 13 ed142e35-6ed1-11e8-86c6-080027de0e0e:1-17 | 14 | session_track_gtids | OFF | 15 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 16 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Variables relevant to GTID on master host.
1 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]>show variables like '%gtid%'; 2 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 | Variable_name | Value | 4 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5 | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON | 6 | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | 7 | group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join | OFF | 8 | group_replication_gtid_assignment_block_size | 1000000 | 9 | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 | 10 | gtid_mode | ON | 11 | gtid_next | AUTOMATIC | 12 | gtid_owned | | 13 | gtid_purged | 1b7181ee-6eaf-11e8-998e-080027de0e0e:1-695013, 14 ed142e35-6ed1-11e8-86c6-080027de0e0e:1-17 | 15 | session_track_gtids | OFF | 16 +---------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 17 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
We find out that they're almost the same except the variable of "gtid_purged" on slave is larger than it on master host.It's normal.The value will continuously increase while binlogs(actually relay logs) are purged after applying them on slave from time to time if only sql_thread is running.