Python非子包引用
python的搜索路径其实是一个列表(sys.path)
导入模块时python会自动去找搜索这个列表当中的路径，如果路径中存在要导入的模块文件则导入成功.
在项目中如果要引用同级包或另外目录的包(非子包)时:
- 将引用包路径加入sys.path
- 将引用包路径加入到*.pth文件内,并放入site.getsitepackages() 目录下.
- 当然也可以打包发布，安装到python的特定目录下.
测试代码
查看Python搜索路径列表
In [1]: import sys
In [2]: sys.path
Out[2]:
['',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',]
代码目录
mac-abeen:page_pth_test abeen$ tree -L 3
├── dakjpka
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── pa
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── __pycache__
│ │ ├── pam.py
│ │ └── pam_rf.py
│ └── pb
│ └── pbm.py
└── tpackage.py
兄弟模块或者主运行程序与包同一级别或存在子包关系时
from package import module
import package
pam.py
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2
3
4 def pam_fun():
5 print('p.pa pam_fun')
6
7
8 __all__ = ['pam_fun']
pam_rf.py
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2
3 from pam import pam_fun
4
5 if __name__ == "__main__":
6 pam_fun()
同级或另外的包引用
- 直接添加到sys.path.append("package path")
- 使用*.pth文件,放到python的特定目录下.
查看python特定目录
In [3]: import site
In [4]: site.getsitepackages()
Out[4]: ['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages']
增加目录内容
mac-abeen:pa abeen$ cat /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/dakj_project.pth
/Users/abeen/abeen/alearn/python/page_pth_test
/Users/abeen/abeen/ap/gitwork/dabda
增加后效果
In [5]: sys.path
Out[5]:
['',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload',
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages',
**'/Users/abeen/abeen/alearn/python/page_pth_test',**
** '/Users/abeen/abeen/ap/gitwork/dabda',**
'/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',
'/Users/abeen/.ipython']
pbm.py 引用pam.py内的pam_fun如下
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2
3 # from dakjpka.pa import pam
4 import dakjpka.pa.pam as pam
5
6
7 def pbm_fun():
8 print('p.pbm pbm_fun')
| 9 pam.pam_fun()
10
11
12 if __name__ == '__main__':
13 pbm_fun()
14
15
16 __all__ = ['pbm_fun']
run
mac-abeen:pb abeen$ python3 pbm.py
p.pbm pbm_fun
p.pa pam_fun