C/C++检测内存泄漏的工具 vld Visual Leak Detector223 的使用方法和sample示例

这类的工具有 比如 ：LeakDiag leakfinder "Visual Leak Detector"　　

vld可以从http://vld.codeplex.com/releases/view/82311 现在最新版本，包括src源代码。

安装好以后，他会提示 要求添加 dll 到环境变量中去。

使用 vld 的方法为：在自己的代码中 添加 vld 的头文件，以及 lib 声明，其会自动去环境变量path中搜索 vld_x86.dll 或vld_x64.dll ，然后 调用其中的方法的。

头文件有俩：vld_def.h 和 vld.h，只需要包含后者（其会包含前者的）

贴下他们的源码、

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Visual Leak Detector - Import Library Header
//  Copyright (c) 2005-2012 VLD Team
//
//  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
//  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
//  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
//  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
//  Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
//  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
//  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
//
//  See COPYING.txt for the full terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#pragma once

#define VLD_OPT_AGGREGATE_DUPLICATES    0x0001 //   If set, aggregate duplicate leaks in the leak report.
#define VLD_OPT_MODULE_LIST_INCLUDE     0x0002 //   If set, modules in the module list are included, all others are excluded.
#define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER      0x0004 //   If set, the memory leak report is sent to the debugger.
#define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE          0x0008 //   If set, the memory leak report is sent to a file.
#define VLD_OPT_SAFE_STACK_WALK         0x0010 //   If set, the stack is walked using the "safe" method (StackWalk64).
#define VLD_OPT_SELF_TEST               0x0020 //   If set, perform a self-test to verify memory leak self-checking.
#define VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP      0x0040 //   If set, inserts a slight delay between sending output to the debugger.
#define VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED          0x0080 //   If set, memory leak detection will initially disabled.
#define VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES   0x0100 //   If set, include useless frames (e.g. internal to VLD) in call stacks.
#define VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT          0x0200 //   If set, the leak report will be encoded UTF-16 instead of ASCII.
#define VLD_OPT_VLDOFF                  0x0400 //   If set, VLD will be completely deactivated. It will not attach to any modules.
#define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_STDOUT        0x0800 //   If set, the memory leak report is sent to stdout.
#define VLD_OPT_SKIP_HEAPFREE_LEAKS     0x1000 //   If set, VLD skip HeapFree memory leaks.
#define VLD_OPT_VALIDATE_HEAPFREE       0x2000 //   If set, VLD verifies and reports heap consistency for HeapFree calls.
#define VLD_OPT_RELEASE_CRT_RUNTIME     0x4000 //   If set, VLD treat CRT runtime as release version (use only with define VLD_FORCE_ENABLE).

#define VLD_RPTHOOK_INSTALL  0
#define VLD_RPTHOOK_REMOVE   1

typedef int (__cdecl * VLD_REPORT_HOOK)(int reportType, wchar_t *message, int *returnValue);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Visual Leak Detector - Import Library Header
//  Copyright (c) 2005-2012 VLD Team
//
//  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
//  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
//  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
//  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
//  Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
//  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
//  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
//
//  See COPYING.txt for the full terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#pragma once

#include "vld_def.h"

#if defined _DEBUG || defined VLD_FORCE_ENABLE

#include <windows.h>

//#pragma comment(lib, "vld.lib")

// Force a symbolic reference to the global VisualLeakDetector class object from
// the DLL. This ensures that the DLL is loaded and linked with the program,
// even if no code otherwise imports any of the DLL's exports.
#pragma comment(linker, "/include:__imp_?g_vld@@3VVisualLeakDetector@@A")

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Visual Leak Detector APIs
//

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif // __cplusplus

// VLDDisable - Disables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at
//   runtime. If memory leak detection is already disabled, then calling this
//   function has no effect.
//
//  Note: In multithreaded programs, this function operates on a per-thread
//    basis. In other words, if you call this function from one thread, then
//    memory leak detection is only disabled for that thread. If memory leak
//    detection is enabled for other threads, then it will remain enabled for
//    those other threads. It was designed to work this way to insulate you,
//    the programmer, from having to ensure thread synchronization when calling
//    VLDEnable() and VLDDisable(). Without this, calling these two functions
//    unsynchronized could result in unpredictable and unintended behavior.
//    But this also means that if you want to disable memory leak detection
//    process-wide, then you need to call this function from every thread in
//    the process.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDDisable ();

// VLDEnable - Enables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at runtime.
//   If memory leak detection is already enabled, which it is by default, then
//   calling this function has no effect.
//
//  Note: In multithreaded programs, this function operates on a per-thread
//    basis. In other words, if you call this function from one thread, then
//    memory leak detection is only enabled for that thread. If memory leak
//    detection is disabled for other threads, then it will remain disabled for
//    those other threads. It was designed to work this way to insulate you,
//    the programmer, from having to ensure thread synchronization when calling
//    VLDEnable() and VLDDisable(). Without this, calling these two functions
//    unsynchronized could result in unpredictable and unintended behavior.
//    But this also means that if you want to enable memory leak detection
//    process-wide, then you need to call this function from every thread in
//    the process.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDEnable ();

// VLDRestore - Restore Visual Leak Detector's previous state.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDRestore ();

// VLDGlobalDisable - Disables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at
//   runtime in all threads. If memory leak detection is already disabled, 
//   then calling this function has no effect.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGlobalDisable ();

// VLDGlobalEnable - Enables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection 
//   at runtime in all threads. If memory leak detection is already enabled, 
//   which it is by default, then calling this function has no effect.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGlobalEnable ();

// VLDReportLeaks - Report leaks up to the execution point.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDReportLeaks ();

// VLDGetLeaksCount - Return memory leaks count to the execution point.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDGetLeaksCount ();

// VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported - Mark all leaks as reported.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported ();


// VLDRefreshModules - Look for recently loaded DLLs and patch them if necessary.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDRefreshModules();


// VLDEnableModule - Enable Memory leak checking on the specified module.
//
// module: module handle.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//

__declspec(dllimport) void VLDEnableModule(HMODULE module);


// VLDDisableModule - Disable Memory leak checking on the specified module.
//
// module: module handle.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDDisableModule(HMODULE module);

// VLDGetOptions - Return all current options.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    Mask of current options.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDGetOptions();

// VLDGetReportFilename - Return current report filename.
//
// filename: current report filename (max characters - MAX_PATH).
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGetReportFilename(WCHAR *filename);

// VLDSetOptions - Update the report options via function call rather than INI file.
//
// option_mask: Only the following flags are checked
// VLD_OPT_AGGREGATE_DUPLICATES
// VLD_OPT_MODULE_LIST_INCLUDE
// VLD_OPT_SAFE_STACK_WALK
// VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP
// VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES
// VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED
// VLD_OPT_SKIP_HEAPFREE_LEAKS
// VLD_OPT_VALIDATE_HEAPFREE
//
// maxDataDump: maximum number of user-data bytes to dump for each leaked block.
//
// maxTraceFrames: maximum number of frames per stack trace for each leaked block.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetOptions(UINT option_mask, SIZE_T maxDataDump, UINT maxTraceFrames);

// VLDSetModulesList - Set list of modules included/excluded in leak detection
// depending on parameter "includeModules".
//
// modules: list of modules to be forcefully included/excluded in leak detection.
//
// includeModules: include or exclude that modules.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetModulesList(CONST WCHAR *modules, BOOL includeModules);

// VLDGetModulesList - Return current list of included/excluded modules
// depending on flag VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES.
//
// modules: destination string for list of included/excluded modules (maximum length 512 characters).
//
// size: maximum string size.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    BOOL: TRUE if include modules, otherwise FALSE.
//
__declspec(dllimport) BOOL VLDGetModulesList(WCHAR *modules, UINT size);

// VLDSetReportOptions - Update the report options via function call rather than INI file.
//
// Only the following flags are checked
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_STDOUT
// VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT
//
// filename is optional and can be NULL.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetReportOptions(UINT option_mask, CONST WCHAR *filename);

// VLDSetReportHook - Installs or uninstalls a client-defined reporting function by hooking it 
//  into the C run-time debug reporting process (debug version only).
//
// mode: The action to take: VLD_RPTHOOK_INSTALL or VLD_RPTHOOK_REMOVE.
//
// pfnNewHook: Report hook to install or remove.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    int: 0 if success.
//
__declspec(dllimport) int VLDSetReportHook(int mode,  VLD_REPORT_HOOK pfnNewHook);

// VLDResolveCallstacks - Performs symbol resolution for all saved extent CallStack's that have
// been tracked by Visual Leak Detector. This function is necessary for applications that 
// dynamically load and unload modules, and through which memory leaks might be included.
// If this is NOT called, stack traces may have stack frames with no symbol information. This 
// happens because the symbol API's cannot look up symbols for a binary / module that has been unloaded
// from the process.
//
//  Return Value:
//
//    None.
//
__declspec(dllexport) void VLDResolveCallstacks();

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif // __cplusplus

#else // !_DEBUG

#define VLDEnable()
#define VLDDisable()
#define VLDRestore()
#define VLDReportLeaks() 0
#define VLDGetLeaksCount() 0
#define VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported()
#define VLDRefreshModules()
#define VLDEnableModule(a)
#define VLDDisableModule(b)
#define VLDGetOptions() 0
#define VLDGetReportFilename(a)
#define VLDSetOptions(a, b, c)
#define VLDSetReportHook(a, b)
#define VLDSetModulesList(a)
#define VLDGetModulesList(a, b) FALSE
#define VLDSetReportOptions(a, b)

#endif // _DEBUG

这 vld 并没有提供sample，提供的src源代码 也只是 编译成 dll的。

于是 我自己写了一个工程vldTest（用 vs2010 建立 console的 普通 的win32 程序）

下面就是测试的代码，lib和h文件 的路径 你自己看着办就行。vld.h里面也有 这个 包括 pragma lib的，注释掉 或者  将 lib添加到 path 还是 Library_Path什么环境变量中去。

下面的代码 功能是 写一个 内存泄漏 的程序，说白了，就是分配内存，但是没有释放掉。虽然程序结束会释放掉，但是如果不结束 一直 不释放的，就是内存泄漏了。下面程序 有2个内存泄漏，但是 vld 检测是3个。对了 编写成 DEBUG模式，才会启用 vld的功能。原因 看 vld.h的条件编译。

// vldTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "..\include\vld.h"

#pragma comment(lib,"../lib/Win32/vld.lib")



class MyTest
{
public:
    MyTest(const char *szName)
    {
        // The following is the second resulting leak
        m_pszName = strdup(szName);
    }
    ~MyTest()
    {
        if (m_pszName != NULL)
            free(m_pszName);
        m_pszName = NULL;
    }
protected:
    char *m_pszName;
};



int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int * ptrInt;
    ptrInt=(int*)malloc(10);
    memset(ptrInt,0xed,10);
    printf("0x%08x\n",*ptrInt);
    //VLDEnable();
    //VLDRestore();
    //VLDGlobalEnable();
    

    // This is the "main" leak
    MyTest *pTest = new MyTest("This is an example");
    //VLDReportLeaks();
    //VLDGetLeaksCount ();
    

    return 0;
}

运行效果如图：（为了显示全部，去掉了MyTest 那句话）。

如果 加上 free(ptrInt); 就没有泄漏了。如图

除了 0xedededed 这句话 其他都是 vld 的输出。如果发布成 release，默认 不会 调用 vld了。

程序参考了

http://topic.csdn.net/t/20021216/13/1265024.html

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3134/Memory-Leak-and-Exception-Trace-CRT-and-COM-Leaks