Flask框架：配置文件与路由

1、Flask配置文件

import os
import logging
import datetime

basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

class InfoFilter(logging.Filter):
    def filter(self, record):
        """
        only use INFO
        筛选，只需要INFO级别的log
        :param record:
        :return:
        """
        if logging.INFO <= record.levelno <logging.ERROR:
            # 已经是INFO级别了
            # 然后利用父类，返回1
            return super().filter(record)
        else:
            return 0


class BaseConfig(object):
    DEBUG = False
    TESTING = False
    PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = None
    PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION = None
    SECRET_KEY = None
    PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME = datetime.timedelta(31)
    USE_X_SENDFILE = False
    LOGGER_NAME = "app"
    LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY = "always"
    SERVER_NAME = None
    APPLICATION_ROOT = None
    SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "session"
    SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None
    SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = None
    SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
    SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False
    SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST = True
    MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = None
    SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT =  datetime.timedelta(0, 43200)
    TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS = False
    TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS = False
    EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING = False
    PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME = 'http'
    JSON_AS_ASCII = True
    JSON_SORT_KEYS = True
    JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR = True
    JSONIFY_MIMETYPE = 'application / json'
    TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD = None

    LOG_PATH = os.path.join(basedir, 'logs')
    LOG_PATH_ERROR = os.path.join(LOG_PATH, 'error.log')
    LOG_PATH_INFO = os.path.join(LOG_PATH, 'info.log')
    LOG_FILE_MAX_BYTES =100*1024*1024
    # 轮转数量是10个
    LOG_FILE_BACKUP_COUNT = 10

    @classmethod
    def init_app(cls, app):
        pass

class ProductionConfig(BaseConfig):
    DEBUG = False

class DevelopmentConfig(BaseConfig):

    DEBUG = True
    SECRET_KEY = "avafaewffewfaew"

    @classmethod
    def init_app(cls, app):
        # BaseConfig.init_app(app)
        super().init_app(app)

        import logging
        from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
        # Formatter
        formatter = logging.Formatter(
            '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(process)d %(thread)d '
            '%(pathname)s %(lineno)s %(message)s')

        # FileHandler Info
        file_hander_info = RotatingFileHandler(filename=cls.LOG_PATH_INFO)
        file_hander_info.setFormatter(formatter)
        file_hander_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        info_filter = InfoFilter()
        file_hander_info.addFilter(info_filter)
        app.logger.addHandler(file_hander_info)

        # FileHandler Error
        file_hander_error = RotatingFileHandler(filename=cls.LOG_PATH_ERROR)
        file_hander_error.setFormatter(formatter)
        file_hander_error.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        app.logger.addHandler(file_hander_error)



class TestConfig(BaseConfig):

    DEBUG = True

config = {
    'development': DevelopmentConfig,
    'xxx': ProductionConfig,
    'testing': TestConfig,
    'default': DevelopmentConfig,
}

from flask import Flask,Response

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object("settings.DevelopmentConfig")

@app.route("/index/")
def index():
    return Response("hello")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

2、Flask的路由系统

2.1、路由设置的两种方式

　　使用装饰器@app.route：

@app.route('/xxx')
def index():
    return "index"

　　使用app.add_url_rule添加：

def index():
    return "index"
app.add_url_rule("/xxx",None,index)

　　注意事项：

　　   - 不用让endpoint重名

　　   - 如果重名函数也一定要相同。

2.2、设置路由时的参数

rule,                       URL规则
view_func,                  视图函数名称
endpoint=None,              名称，用于反向生成URL，即： url_for('名称')
methods=None,               允许的请求方式，如：["GET","POST"]
strict_slashes=None,        对URL最后的 / 符号是否严格要求，
redirect_to=None,           重定向到指定地址

defaults=None,              默认值,当URL中无参数，函数需要参数时，使用defaults={'k':'v'}为函数提供参数
subdomain=None,             子域名访问

2.3、动态路由

@app.route('/index/<int:nid>',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index(nid):
    print(nid)
    return "Index"

2.4、反向生成URL

　　endpoint：反向生成URL，默认是函数名

　　url_for('endpoint') 或 url_for("index", nid=10)

2.5、自定义正则

from flask import Flask,url_for

app = Flask(__name__)

# 步骤一：定制类
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
class RegexConverter(BaseConverter):
    """
    自定义URL匹配正则表达式
    """
    def __init__(self, map, regex):
        super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map)
        self.regex = regex

    def to_python(self, value):
        """
        路由匹配时，匹配成功后传递给视图函数中参数的值
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        return int(value)

    def to_url(self, value):
        """
        使用url_for反向生成URL时，传递的参数经过该方法处理，返回的值用于生成URL中的参数
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value)
        return val

# 步骤二：添加到转换器
app.url_map.converters['reg'] = RegexConverter

"""
1. 用户发送请求
2. flask内部进行正则匹配
3. 调用to_python(正则匹配的结果)方法
4. to_python方法的返回值会交给视图函数的参数

"""

# 步骤三：使用自定义正则
@app.route('/index/<reg("d+"):nid>')
def index(nid):
    print(nid,type(nid))

    print(url_for('index',nid=987))
    return "index"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

 2.6、子域名

from flask import Flask, views, url_for

app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'wupeiqi.com:5000'
"""
127.0.0.1   wupeiqi.com
127.0.0.1   web.wupeiqi.com
127.0.0.1   admin.wupeiqi.com

"""

# http://admin.wupeiqi.com:5000/
@app.route("/", subdomain="admin")
def admin_index():
    return "admin.your-domain.tld"


# http://web.wupeiqi.com:5000/
@app.route("/", subdomain="web")
def web_index():
    return "web.your-domain.tld"


# http://sdsdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/
# http://sdfsdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/
# http://asdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/

@app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>")
def username_index(username):
    """Dynamic subdomains are also supported
    Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic"""
    return username + ".your-domain.tld"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()