Java中使用mysqldump实现mysql数据库备份并将sql文件打成zip压缩包

场景

在Java代码中调用mysqldump命令实现对指定的mysql数据库和指定的表导出为sql文件。

并将sql文件进行压缩成zip存储备份。

mysqldump 简介

mysqldump 是 MySQL 自带的逻辑备份工具。

它的备份原理是通过协议连接到 MySQL 数据库，将需要备份的数据查询出来，将查询出的数据转换成对应的insert 语句，当我们需要还原这些数据时，只要执行这些 insert 语句，即可将对应的数据还原。

要想使用我们需要找到mysql安装目录下的bin下的mysqldump.exe

因为没有将其添加到环境变量中，所以需要找到其所在的全路径。

注：

博客：
https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
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实现

首先需要声明一些执行mysqldump的变量

    private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";
    private static String userName = "root";
    private static String password = "123456";
    //sql文件存储的路径
    private static String savePath = "D:/bak";
    //sql文件存储名
    private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";
    //数据库名
    private static String databaseName = "test";
    private static final int BUFFER = 8192;
    //zip压缩包存储路径
    private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";

然后新建方法用语执行sql的导出

    /**
     * 执行数据备份
     * @return
     */
    public static String dataBakExec()
    {
        String sqlFilePath = "";
        File saveFile = new File(savePath);
        // 如果目录不存在
        if (!saveFile.exists()) {
            // 创建文件夹
            saveFile.mkdirs();
        }
        if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){
            savePath = savePath + File.separator;
        }

        PrintWriter printWriter = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));
            sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;
            //导出指定数据库指定表的结构和数据
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");
            //导出指定数据库指定表的结构
            //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");
            //导出指定数据库指定表符合条件的结构和数据
            //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=" price> 100" + "" ");
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String line;
            while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){
                printWriter.println(line);
            }
            printWriter.flush();
            //0 表示线程正常终止。
            if(process.waitFor() == 0){
                System.out.println("备份数据成功");

            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                }
                if (printWriter != null) {
                    printWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return  sqlFilePath;
    }

注意把这里的mysqldump的路径改为自己的路径。

执行的命令如果不加具体的数据库则导出所有的表，数据库后面加表明则是导出具体的表。

并且还可以选择导出表的结构和数据以及符合要求的表数据。

具体自行搜索musqldump命令。

备份sql效果

sql备份成功后将其路径返回，然后再新建一个生成zip压缩包的方法

  /**
     * 压缩sql文件为zip
     * @param filePath sql文件路径
     * @param zipPath  要生成的zip压缩包路径
     */
    public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {
        ZipOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //得到文件列表信息
        File file = new File(filePath);
        // 压缩zip包
        try {
            if (!file.exists()) {
                return;
            }
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            try {

                ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());
                out.putNextEntry(entry);
                int count;
                byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];
                while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {
                    out.write(data, 0, count);
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }finally {
                out.closeEntry();
                bis.close();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                out.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("生成zip成功");
    }

然后完整的main方法示例代码

package com.badao.mysqlbak;

import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;

public class MysqlBakMain {

    private static String hostIP = "127.0.0.1";
    private static String userName = "root";
    private static String password = "123456";
    //sql文件存储的路径
    private static String savePath = "D:/bak";
    //sql文件存储名
    private static String fileName = "badaoBak"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date())+".sql";
    //数据库名
    private static String databaseName = "test";
    private static final int BUFFER = 8192;
    //zip压缩包存储路径
    private static String zipPath = "D:/bak/badao.zip";


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sqlFilePath = dataBakExec();
        System.out.println("备份的sql文件保存路径为:"+sqlFilePath);
        zipFile(sqlFilePath,zipPath);
    }

    /**
     * 执行数据备份
     * @return
     */
    public static String dataBakExec()
    {
        String sqlFilePath = "";
        File saveFile = new File(savePath);
        // 如果目录不存在
        if (!saveFile.exists()) {
            // 创建文件夹
            saveFile.mkdirs();
        }
        if(!savePath.endsWith(File.separator)){
            savePath = savePath + File.separator;
        }

        PrintWriter printWriter = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName), "utf8"));
            sqlFilePath= savePath + fileName;
            //导出指定数据库指定表的结构和数据
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book ");
            //导出指定数据库指定表的结构
            //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName + " book -d");
            //导出指定数据库指定表符合条件的结构和数据
            //Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/bin/mysqldump -h" + hostIP + " -u" + userName + " -p" + password + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + databaseName +" book "+" --where=" price> 100" + "" ");
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String line;
            while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){
                printWriter.println(line);
            }
            printWriter.flush();
            //0 表示线程正常终止。
            if(process.waitFor() == 0){
                System.out.println("备份数据成功");

            }
        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (bufferedReader != null) {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                }
                if (printWriter != null) {
                    printWriter.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return  sqlFilePath;
    }

    /**
     * 压缩sql文件为zip
     * @param filePath sql文件路径
     * @param zipPath  要生成的zip压缩包路径
     */
    public static void zipFile(String filePath,String zipPath) {
        ZipOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(zipPath));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //得到文件列表信息
        File file = new File(filePath);
        // 压缩zip包
        try {
            if (!file.exists()) {
                return;
            }
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            try {

                ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(file.getName());
                out.putNextEntry(entry);
                int count;
                byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];
                while ((count = bis.read(data, 0, BUFFER)) != -1) {
                    out.write(data, 0, count);
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }finally {
                out.closeEntry();
                bis.close();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                out.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("生成zip成功");
    }

}

运行效果