官方：https://www.ansible.com/
一 简介
Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.
It uses no agents and no additional custom security infrastructure, so it's easy to deploy - and most importantly, it uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to describe your automation jobs in a way that approaches plain English.
ansible的好处是快速、简单、易用、不需要安装agent，可以方便的用于配置管理和应用部署等自动化场景；
二 安装
1 安装
yum install -y ansible
2 测试
# ansible --version
ansible 2.7.5
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 2.7.5 (default, Jul 13 2018, 13:06:57) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]
3 配置目录结构
# ls /etc/ansible/
ansible.cfg hosts roles
三 使用
首先在/etc/ansible/hosts中根据部署结构将server划分到多个group，然后可以针对某个group执行某些操作；
1 添加server分组配置
vi /etc/ansible/hosts
[all-servers]
192.168.0.54
192.168.0.55
192.168.0.56
以上配置了一个server_group名为all-servers，其中包含3台server；
可以通过--list查看某个server_group下的所有server：
# ansible all-servers --list
hosts (3):
192.168.0.54
192.168.0.55
192.168.0.56
2 执行操作
格式
ansible $server_group -m $module_name -a $module_args
例如ping：
# ansible all-servers -m ping
192.168.0.54 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.0.55 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.0.56 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
例如command：
# ansible all-servers -m command -a "date"
192.168.0.54 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019192.168.0.56 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019192.168.0.55 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Sun Jan 13 17:14:06 CST 2019
具体的module_name有哪些？可以通过命令查看
# ansible-doc -l
某个module_name的帮助也可以通过命令查看
# ansible-doc $module_name
比如：
# ansible-doc shell
> SHELL (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/commands/shell.py)
The `shell' module takes the command name followed by a list of space-delimited arguments. It is almost exactly like the [command] module but runs the command
through a shell (`/bin/sh') on the remote node. For Windows targets, use the [win_shell] module instead.
# ansible-doc copy
> COPY (/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible/modules/files/copy.py)
The `copy' module copies a file from the local or remote machine to a location on the remote machine. Use the [fetch] module to copy files from remote locations to
the local box. If you need variable interpolation in copied files, use the [template] module. For Windows targets, use the [win_copy] module instead.
常用module：ping，command，shell，copy，file，script，cron等...
比如向某个group的所有server拷贝文件命令：
# ansible all-servers -m copy -a 'src=/tmp/1.log dest=/tmp/'
比如查看某个group的所有server的磁盘占用情况：
# ansible all-servers -m shell -a "df -h"
另外也可以直接指定ip来操作，比如：
# ansible 192.168.0.55 -m ping
其实如果只需要远程执行命令，ssh也可以
ssh 192.168.0.55 "date"