mariadb的版本升级方法
一、简介
二进制安装方式，升级版本相对简单可靠。本案例基于二进制安装方式进行升级演示。
先完整的安装mariadb10.4版本，然后在此基础上升级到10.5版本。
二、Centos7.6最小化安装依赖包
yum install -y net-tools yum install -y wget #切换aliyun的yum源 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo # 重建源数据缓存 yum clean all yum makecache yum -y install vim-enhanced wget net-tools telnet vim lrzsz ntp yum -y install lshw pciutils gdisk system-storage-manager yum -y install bash-completion zip unzip bzip2 tree tmpwatch pinfo man-pages yum -y install nano vim-enhanced tmux screen yum -y install net-tools psmisclsof sysstat yum -y install yum-plugin-security yum-utils createrepo yum -y install get wget curl eliks lynx lftp mailx mutt reync yum -y install libaio make cmake gcc-c++ gcc zib zlib-devel open openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
三、创建用户
useradd -M -r -s /bin/nologin mysql echo "mysql"|passwd --stdin mysql
四、下载安装
wget https://downloads.mariadb.org/interstitial/mariadb-10.4.11/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.4.11-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz/from/http%3A//mariadb.mirror.nucleus.be/ tar -zxvf mariadb-10.4.11-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ ln -s mariadb-10.4.11-linux-systemd-x86_64/ mysql echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
五、配置文件
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<"EOF" [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysql] prompt="u@MariaDB0 R:m:s [d]> " no-auto-rehash default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 extra_port=13306 socket = /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock basedir= /usr/local/mysql datadir= /data/mysql/data log-error=/data/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log pid-file=/data/mysql/data/mariadb.pid character-set-server = utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 1024 max_connections = 512 max_connect_errors = 1000000 table_open_cache = 1024 table_definition_cache = 1024 thread_stack = 512K external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 4M join_buffer_size = 4M thread_cache_size = 768 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 interactive_timeout = 600 wait_timeout = 600 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/logs/slow.log long_query_time = 0.1 log_queries_not_using_indexes =1 min_examined_row_limit = 100 log_slow_admin_statements = 1 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 server-id = 3306 log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/mybinlog sync_binlog = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_cache_size = 2G max_binlog_size = 1G expire_logs_days = 30 log_slave_updates binlog_format = row binlog_checksum = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 relay-log-purge = 1 key_buffer_size = 32M read_buffer_size = 8M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 lock_wait_timeout = 3600 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100 innodb_spin_wait_delay = 30 transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5734M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M innodb_log_file_size = 2G innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 # 根据您的服务器IOPS能力适当调整 # 一般配普通SSD盘的话，可以调整到 10000 - 20000 # 配置高端PCIe SSD卡的话，则可以调整的更高，比如 50000 - 80000 innodb_io_capacity = 8000 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_purge_threads = 1 innodb_open_files = 65535 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT #innodb_checksums = 1 #innodb_file_format = Barracuda #innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10 innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0 symbolic-links=0 innodb_status_file = 1 #performance_schema performance_schema = 1 # 字符集设定utf8mb4 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' # 优化 optimizer_switch = "mrr=on,mrr_cost_based=on,mrr_sort_keys=on" deadlock_search_depth_short = 3 deadlock_search_depth_long = 10 deadlock_timeout_long = 10000000 deadlock_timeout_short = 5000 slave-parallel-threads=8 # gtid gtid_strict_mode=1 wsrep_gtid_mode=1 [mysqld_safe] nice=-19 open-files-limit=65535 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 64M EOF SERVIER_ID=`date +%S` sed -i "s/server-id = 3306/server-id = 3306"${SERVIER_ID}"/" /etc/my.cnf
六、修改文件权限
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs} chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mariadb-10.4.11-linux-systemd-x86_64/ chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql
七、初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
八、启动关闭服务
# 启动mariadb ls /usr/local/mysql/support-files/systemd/ cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /lib/systemd/system/ systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start mariadb # 关闭maridb systemctl stop mariadb
九、登录验证
# 登录，初次登陆，免密码 [root@db138 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 6 Server version: 10.4.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. root@MariaDB0 17:45: [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.001 sec) root@MariaDB0 17:45: [(none)]> delete from mysql.user where user=''; drop database test; grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'root' with grant option; # 关闭maridb systemctl stop mariadb
十、升级操作
# 关闭maridb systemctl stop mariadb # 登录，初次登陆，免密码 [root@db138 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 6 Server version: 10.4.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. root@MariaDB0 17:45: [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.001 sec) root@MariaDB0 17:45: [(none)]> delete from mysql.user where user=''; drop database test; grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'root' with grant option; # 关闭maridb systemctl stop mariadb # 备份目录 cd /data/mysql/ zip -r data_old.zip data # 解压新版 cd /opt/ wget http://mariadb.mirror.nucleus.be//mariadb-10.5.0/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxf /opt/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ unlink mysql ln -s mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64/ mysql chown -R mysql.mysql mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64/ chown -R mysql.mysql mysql cd mysql/ cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /lib/systemd/system/ # 覆盖原来的文件 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start mariadb [root@db138 mysql]# mysql_upgrade -s The --upgrade-system-tables option was used, user tables won't be touched. Phase 1/7: Checking and upgrading mysql database Processing databases mysql mysql.column_stats OK mysql.columns_priv OK mysql.db OK mysql.event OK mysql.func OK mysql.global_priv OK mysql.gtid_slave_pos OK mysql.help_category OK mysql.help_keyword OK mysql.help_relation OK mysql.help_topic OK mysql.index_stats OK mysql.innodb_index_stats OK mysql.innodb_table_stats OK mysql.plugin OK mysql.proc OK mysql.procs_priv OK mysql.proxies_priv OK mysql.roles_mapping OK mysql.servers OK mysql.table_stats OK mysql.tables_priv OK mysql.time_zone OK mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK mysql.time_zone_name OK mysql.time_zone_transition OK mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK mysql.transaction_registry OK Phase 2/7: Installing used storage engines... Skipped Phase 3/7: Fixing views... Skipped Phase 4/7: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables' Phase 5/7: Fixing table and database names ... Skipped Phase 6/7: Checking and upgrading tables... Skipped Phase 7/7: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES' OK [root@db138 mysql]# [root@db138 mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 13 Server version: 10.5.0-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. root@MariaDB0 17:57: [(none)]> # 升级完毕