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  • 注解配置springMVC

    在随笔“springMVC项目配置文件”的基础上,进行优化,使用注解配置,控制器类得以简化:

    一、注解配置springMVC

    1、在HelloController类中,去除实现的Controller接口,并给方法HandlerRequest添加注解@RequestMapping:

      @Controller

      public Class HelloController{

        @RequestMapping("/hello")

        public ModelAndView HandlerRequest(HttpServletRequest x1,HttpServletResponse x2)    {       }

      }

      //其中,@Controller注解是用来声明控制器的

      //@RequestMapping注解表示/hello路径会映射到该方法上

      //另,若@RequestMapping注解作用在类上,则相当于给该类所有配置的映射地址前加上了一个地址

    2、在dispatcher-servlet.xml 文件中,注释掉原来的映射设置:包括路径映射与控制器类的bean

     重新增加一个组件扫描:  <context : component-scan base-package = "controller" />     //扫描controller包下的控制器类

    二、配置视图解析器

      在WEB-INF 下建page文件夹,WEB-INF是javaweb默认的安全目录,不允许用户直接访问

    1、在dispatcher-servlet.xml中,添加一个bean,告知视图解析器:

      <bean  id = "viewResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/page" />

        <property name = "subfix" value = ".jsp" />

      </bean>

      //配置springMVC内置的视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver,在视图名上添加前缀后缀进而确定一个web应用中视图资源的物理路径

    2、在HelloController中把方法HandlerRequest的方法体内容改为ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(viewName:"index");

    3、把原index.jsp文件剪切到WEB-INF 下page文件夹中

    4、访问路径localhost/hello   则可以显示内容页了,实际路径是/WEB-INF/page/index.jsp

    三、控制器接收请求数据

    <form action = "/param" role = "form">

      用户名:<input type = "text"  name = "username"><br/>

      <input type = "submit" value = "提交">

    </form>

    servlet 原生ApI实现接收请求数据:

    1、@RequestMapping("/param")

      public ModelAndView getparam(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse  resp){

        String username = req.getParameter("username");

        sysout(username);

        return null;

      }   //获取表单提交的用户名

    2、同名匹配规则,把方法入参名设成与前台传参名一致,也可获取到表单提交的数据:

    @RequestMapping("/param")

    public ModelAndView getparam(String username){

        sysout(username);

        return null;

      } 

    //问题是,与前台强耦合

    解决方法是用@RequestParam(“前台参数名”)来注入:

    3、@RequestMapping("/param")

    public ModelAndView getparam(@RequestParam("username")  String u){

        sysout(u);

        return null;

      } //同样获取到表单提交的数据

    另,使用模型传参:前台参数名必须与模型字段名一致:

    public Class  User{   String username;   //getter、setter方法}

    public ModelAndView getparam(User user){

      sysout(user.getUsername);

      return null;

    }

    解决post方式的中文乱码问题: 通过在web.xml中添加springmvc字符编码过滤器:

    <filter>

      <filter-name> CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

      <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

      <init-param>

        <param-name> encoding</param-name>

        <param-value> utf-8 </param-value>

      </init-param>

    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>

      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>

      <url-pattern>  /*  </url-pattern>

    </filter-mapping>

    //<filter><filter-mapping>要成对配置

    四、控制器回显数据

    /WEB-INF/page下创建test.jsp页面

    <!Doctype html>

    <%@page language = "java" contentType = "text/html;charset = UTF-8" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" import="java.util.*" isElIgnore = "false" %>  //不忽略el表达式

    <html>

      <head>  <title>springmvc数据回显</title> </head>

      <body>

        <h1>  回显数据: ${ message }</h1>

      </body>

    </html>

    1、Servlet原生ApI回显数据:

    @RequestMapping("/value")

    public ModelAndView handlerRequest( HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp){

      req.setAttribute("message","成功");

      return new ModelAndView("test");

    }  //localhost/value  返回: 回显数据:成功

    2、使用springmvc的ModelAndView对象回显数据:

    @RequestMapping("/value")

    public ModelAndView handlerRequest( HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp){

      ModelAndView model  = new ModelAndView(viewName:"test");

      model.addObject(attributeName:"message", attributeValue:"成功");

      return model ;

    }  // 访问 localhost/value  返回: 回显数据:成功

    3、使用Model对象回显数据

    @RequestMapping("/value")

    public String handlerRequest(Model  m){

      m.addAttribute(s:"message",o:"成功");

      return  "test";

    }

    //@ModelAttribute注解

    public void model(Model model){

      model.addAttribute("message","成功");

    }

    //message会放进页面参数中,在视图中直接调用。

    客户端跳转

    /hello 或者/test都是服务端的跳转,即:request.getRequestDispatcher("地址").forwards(req,resp);

    改写HelloController控制器类:

    @RequestMapping("/hello")

    public ModelAndView handlerRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){

      ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("index");

      model.addObject("message","hello springmvc");

      return model;

    }

    @RequestMapping("/jump")

    public ModelAndView jump(){

      ModelAndView m = new ModelAndView("redirect:/hello");

      return m;

    }

    //访问localhost/jump 会自动跳转到  localhost/hello

    结果和前面一样

    也可以这样写:

    @RequestMapping("/jump")

    public String jump(){

      return "redirect: ./hello";

    }

    文件上传

    先导入jar包: commons-io-1.3.2.jar           commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar

    1、在dispatcher-servlet.xml中配置上传解析器:

    <bean id="multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />

    2、 upload.jsp建在page文件夹下:

    <%@ page contentType = "Text/html; charset = UTF-8" language = "java" %>

    <html>

      <head><title>文件上传</title><head>

      <body>

        <form action = "/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data">

          <input type = "file" name = "picture">

          <input type = "submit" value = "上传"> 

        </form>

      </body>

    </html>

    3、编写控制器类UploadController在包controller下:

    @Controller

    public class UploadController{

      @RequestMapping("/upload")

      public void upload(@Requestparam("picture") MultipartFile file) Throws Exception{

        sysout(file.getOriginalFileName());

      }

      @RequestMapping("/test2")

      public ModelAndView upload(){

        return new ModelAndView("upload")

      }

    }

    //访问 localhost/test2 

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/blackdd/p/12313044.html
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