老男孩Day18作业：后台用户管理

一、作业需求：

1、用户组的增删改查

2、用户增删该查
    - 添加必须是对话框
    - 删除必须是对话框
    - 修改，必须显示默认值
    
3、比较好看的页面

二、博客地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/catepython/p/9682884.html

三、运行环境

操作系统：Win10

Python：3.6.4rcl

Pycharm：2017.3.4

四、功能实现

1、完成了后台登录UI、数据交互（判断与验证）接口

2、搭建配置Django框架

3、后台管理整体页面布局

4、用户管理模块相关功能的实现

5、对用户信息通过后台对数据库操作实现了增删改查

五、测试

1、对各UI的跳转进行功能测试

2、对用户数据的数据接口测试

3、编辑框中对用户输入的信息做了验证和判断

六、备注

通过此次学习和实践

1、掌握了Django框架基础知识

2、对后台页面布局更加的熟练

3、也熟练运用掌握了ORM操作

一、相关知识

1、Django请求生命周期
        -> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串
        -> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容
        
    2、创建django projcet

        django-admin startproject mysite
        

        ..
        
        mysite
            mysite
                - 配置文件
                - url.py
                - settings.py
            
        cd mysite
        python manage.py startapp cmdb
        
        mysite
            mysite
                - 配置文件
                - url.py
                - settings.py
            cmdb
                - views.py
                - admin.py
                - models.py # 创建数据库表

    3、配置
        
        模板路径
        静态文件路径
        # CSRF
        
    4、编写程序

        a. url.py
            
            /index/    ->   func
            
        b. views.py
            
            def func(request):
                # 包含所有的请求数据
                ...
                return HttpResponse('字符串')
                return render(request, 'index.html', {''})
                retrun redirect('URL')
                
        c. 模板语言
            return render(request, 'index.html', {'li': [11,22,33]})
            
            {% for item in li %}
                <h1>{{item}}</h1>
            {% endfor %}
            
            
            ***********  索引用点 **********
            <h2> {{item.0 }} </h2>

一、路由系统，URL
    1、url(r'^index/', views.index),    
       url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),
    2、url(r'^detail-(d+).html', views.detail),  
    3、url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>d+)-(?P<uid>d+).html', views.detail)
       
       PS:
            def detail(request, *args,**kwargs):
                pass
    
       实战：
            a. 
                url(r'^detail-(d+)-(d+).html', views.detail),
                
                def func(request, nid, uid):
                    
                    pass
            
                def func(request, *args):
                    args = (2,9)
                    
                    
                def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
                    args = (2,9)
       
            b. 
                url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>d+)-(?P<uid>d+).html', views.detail)
                
                def func(request, nid, uid):
                    pass
                    
                def funct(request, **kwargs):
                    kwargs = {'nid': 1, 'uid': 3}
                    
                def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
                    args = (2,9)
    4、 name
        
        对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****
        
        url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),
        url(r'^yug/(d+)/(d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),
        url(r'^buy/(?P<pid>d+)/(?P<nid>d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),
        
        
        
        def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
            from django.urls import reverse
            
            url1 = reverse('i1')                              # asdfasdfasdf/
            url2 = reverse('i2', args=(1,2,))                 # yug/1/2/
            url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) # buy/1/9/
        
        
        xxx.html
            
            {% url "i1" %}               # asdfasdfasdf/
            {% url "i2" 1 2 %}           # yug/1/2/
            {% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}   # buy/1/9/
        
        注：
            # 当前的URL
            request.path_info 
    5、多级路由
        
        project/urls.py
            from django.conf.urls import url,include
            from django.contrib import admin

            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
                url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
            ]
            
        app01/urls.py
            from django.conf.urls import url,include
            from django.contrib import admin
            from app01 import views

            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^login/', views.login),
            ]
            
        app02/urls.py
            from django.conf.urls import url,include
            from django.contrib import admin
            from app02 import views

            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^login/', views.login),
            ]
    
    6、默认值（欠）
    
    7、命名空间（欠）
    
    
二、视图
    1、获取用户请求数据
        request.GET
        request.POST
        request.FILES
        PS:
            GET:获取数据                
            POST:提交数据
            
    2、checkbox等多选的内容
        request.POST.getlist()
    3、上传文件
        # 上传文件,form标签做特殊设置
        obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
        obj.name
        f = open(obj.name, mode='wb')
        for item in obj.chunks():
            f.write(item)
        f.close()
    
    4、FBV & CBV
       function base view
       
        url.py
            index -> 函数名
            
        view.py
            def 函数(request):
                ...
        ====》
        /index/ -> 函数名
            
        /index/ -> 类
        
        ====》
        
        建议：两者都用
        
    5、装饰器
        欠

    
三、模板
    
    

四、ORM操作
    select * from tb where id > 1
    # 对应关系
    models.tb.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
    models.tb.objects.filter(id=1)
    models.tb.objects.filter(id__lt=1)
    
    创建类
    
    a. 先写类
        from django.db import models

        # app01_userinfo
        class UserInfo(models.Model):
            # id列，自增，主键
            # 用户名列，字符串类型，指定长度
            username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
        
    b. 注册APP

        INSTALLED_APPS = [
            'django.contrib.admin',
            'django.contrib.auth',
            'django.contrib.contenttypes',
            'django.contrib.sessions',
            'django.contrib.messages',
            'django.contrib.staticfiles',
            'app01',
        ]
    c. 执行命令
        python manage.py  makemigrations
        python manage.py  migrate
        
    d. ********** 注意 ***********
        Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL
        主动修改为pymysql，在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码即可：
            import pymysql
            pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
    
    1. 根据类自动创建数据库表
        # app下的models.py
    
        python manage.py  makemigrations
        python manage.py  migrate
        
        
        字段：
            字符串类型
            
            
            数字
            
            
            时间
            
            
            二进制
            
            自增（primary_key=True）
            
        字段的参数：
            null               -> db是否可以为空
            default            -> 默认值
            primary_key        -> 主键
            db_column          -> 列名
            db_index           -> 索引
            unique               -> 唯一索引
            unique_for_date    -> 
            unique_for_month
            unique_for_year
            auto_now           -> 创建时，自动生成时间
            auto_now_add       -> 更新时，自动更新为当前时间
            
                # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).update(caption='CEO')
                # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first()
                # obj.caption = "CEO"
                # obj.save()
                
            choices              -> django admin中显示下拉框，避免连表查询
            blank             -> django admin是否可以为空
            verbose_name      -> django admin显示字段中文
            editable          -> django admin是否可以被编辑
            error_messages    -> 错误信息欠
            help_text         -> django admin提示
            validators          -> django form ,自定义错误信息（欠）
            
            
            创建 Django 用户：python manage.py createsuperuser
            
            
            
            
    2. 根据类对数据库表中的数据进行各种操作
    
        一对多：
        
            a. 外检
            b. 
                外键字段_id
            c.
                models.tb.object.create(name='root', user_group_id=1)
                
            d. 
                
                userlist = models.tb.object.all()
                for row in userlist:
                    row.id
                    row.user_group_id
                    row.user_group.caption

二、程序结构图

三、效果图

四、数据结构

五、核心代码

 cmdb/views    主代码逻辑

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from cmdb import models
from django.views import View
# Create your views here.
def login(request):
    '''
    用户登录接口
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    mesg = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get("user",None)
        password = request.POST.get("password",None)
        print(user,password)
        result = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_name = user,password=password).first()
        if result:
            return redirect('/cmdb/home')
        else:
            mesg = "用户名和密码不匹配"
    return render(request,'登录.html',{"error_mesg":mesg})


def home(request):
    '''
    后台管理接口
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    return render(request,'后台管理.html')

def user_info(request):
    '''
    用户管理接口
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    if request.method == "POST":
        text = request.POST.get("text",None)
        if str(text).isdigit():    #判断text内容是否为整数， 如果是整数就用户ID搜索，如果是字符串就用户名搜索
            text = int(text)
            obj = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=text).all()
            return render(request, "user_info.html", {"obj": obj})
        else:
            obj = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_name__icontains=text).all()
            return render(request, "user_info.html",{"obj":obj})
    else:
        obj = models.User_admin.objects.all()
        return render(request, "user_info.html",{"obj":obj})

def user_detail(request,nid):
    '''
    用户详情管理接口
    包括用户信息编辑
    :param request:
    :param nid:
    :return:
    '''
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get("username",None)
        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None)
        email = request.POST.get("email", None)
        model = request.POST.get("model", None)
        type = request.POST.get("type", None)
        group = request.POST.get("group", None)
        print(user,pwd,email,model,type,group)

        models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=nid).update(user_name=user,
                                                                   password=pwd,email=email,model=model,
                                                                   type=type,user_group_id=group)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info-%s'%nid)
    else:
        row = models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=nid).first()
        return render(request, "user_detail.html",{"row": row})

class User_Delete(View):
    '''
    删除用户接口
    '''
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        result = super(User_Delete,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return result

    def post(self,request,nid):
        models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=self.kwargs['nid']).delete()
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info')

    def get(self,request,nid):
        models.User_admin.objects.filter(user_id=self.kwargs['nid']).delete()
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info')

class User_Insert(View):
    '''
    添加用户接口
    '''
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        result = super(User_Insert,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
        return result

    def post(self,request):
        user = request.POST.get("username", None)
        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd", None)
        email = request.POST.get("email", None)
        model = request.POST.get("model", None)
        type = request.POST.get("type", None)
        group = request.POST.get("group", None)
        print(user, pwd, email, model, type, group)
        models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name=user,password=pwd,email=email,model=model,type=type,user_group_id=group)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_insert')

    def get(self,request):
        obj = models.User_admin.objects.all()
        return render(request, "user_insert.html", {"obj": obj})


def rom(request):
    # models.User_Group.objects.create(group_name="CEO",shop_id=1002)
    # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="alex",password = "admin",email='alex@163.com')
    # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="kyo", password="admin1")
    # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="Mary", password="root")
    # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="admin-2", password="admin2")
    # models.User_admin.objects.create(user_name="j-product", password="product")
    # models.User_Group.objects.create(group_name="QA",shop_id=1002)
    return HttpResponse("Rom")

cmdb/models  数据操作

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User_admin(models.Model):
    '''
    user_admin表数据操作
    '''
    user_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=64)
    model = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    type_choices = (
        (1,"黄金VIP用户"),
        (2, "VIP用户"),
        (3, "普通用户"),
    )
    type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=3)
    user_group = models.ForeignKey('User_Group',to_field="group_id",on_delete=models.CASCADE,default=1)  #外键关联user_group表
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

class User_Group(models.Model):
    '''
    user_group表数据操作
    '''
    group_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    group_name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    shop_id = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

cmdb/urls      cmdb模块下url路径配置

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author:D.Gray
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('home/',views.home),
    path('orm/', views.rom),
    path('user_info/', views.user_info),
    url('user_info-(?P<nid>d+)',views.user_detail),
    url('user_delete-(?P<nid>d+)',views.User_Delete.as_view(),),
    path('user_insert/', views.User_Insert.as_view(),),
]

六、前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>MyPDSS Admin</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            font-family: "Arial","Microsoft YaHei","微软雅黑";
            font-size: 12px;
            line-height: 24px;
            background: #f8f8f8;
            overflow-y: scroll;
        }
        h1, h2, h3, form, img, ul, ol, li, dl, dt, dd, div, span, p {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
            border: 0;
            font-style: normal;
            font-weight: normal;
        }
        .D{
            border: 1px solid #cccccc;
            height: 235px;
             315px;
            margin: 45px auto;
            padding: 20px;
            border-radius: 5px;
        }
        .D h2{
            font-size: 32px;
            line-height: 50px;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }
        .D input{
            display: inline-block;
            height: auto;
             250px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
            padding: 10px 25px 10px 10px;
            border-radius: 5px;
            border: 1px solid #cccccc;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .D-submit{
            color: #fff;
            background-color: #006dcc;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 20px;
            font-weight: bold;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        a{
            text-decoration: none;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form rel="/login/" method="post">
        <div class="D">
            <h2>Please sign in </h2>
            <input type="text"  name = "user" placeholder="admin ID"/>
            <input type="password" name = "password" placeholder="password"/>
            <p>
                <input  type="submit" value="Sign in" class="D-submit" style="height: 45px; 95px;padding-left: 15px"/>
                <span style="color: red;font-size: 15px">{{ error_mesg }}</span>
            </p>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>MyPDSS Admin</title>
    <style>
        .hide{
            display: none;
        }
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
       a{
           text-decoration: none;
           color: inherit;
       }
        .pg-heard{
            height: 48px;
            background-color: #1b1b1b;
            color:  #999999;
            line-height: 48px;
        }
        .heard-lift{
            display: inline-block;
             20%;
            font-size: 20px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .heard-right{
            display: inline-block;
            float: right;
        }
        .heard-right span{
            margin-right: 20px;
            display: inline-block;
        }
        .heard-right a{
            color: #999999;
        }
        .heard-right a:hover{
            color: #3babf7;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        .menu{
            position: fixed;
            top: 80px;
            left: 0;
            bottom: 0;
             16%;
            min-height: 200px;
            overflow: auto;
        }
        .content{
            position: fixed;
            top: 80px;
            left: 18%;
            bottom: 0;
             80%;
        }
        .menu-info{
            border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
             80%;
            margin-left: 15%;
            background-color: #f8f8f8;
            border-radius: 5px;
        }
        .dl{
            margin: 20px 30px auto;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
        .dl dt{
            font-size: 17px;
            color: #3babf7;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .dl dd{
            font-size: 15px;
            color: #999999;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
        }
        dd:hover{
            color: firebrick;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        .tab-menu{
            height: 50px;
            line-height: 50px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #f5f5f5;
            font-size: 18px;
        }
        #t1,#t2,#t3{
            float: left;
             10%;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .menu-item{
            color: #3babf7;
            border-radius: 5px;
            border-top: 1px solid #dddddd;
            border-left: 1px solid #dddddd;
            border-right: 1px solid #dddddd;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #f5f5f5;
        }
        #t1,#t2,#t3:hover{
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        .count div{
            float: left;
            margin-right: 10px;
            color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <!--头部标题栏-->
    <div class="pg-heard" >
        <div style=" 90%;height: 100%;margin: 0 auto">
            <div class="heard-lift">MyPDSS-管理平台</div>
            <div class="heard-right">
                <span>欢迎 测试管理员</span>
                <a href="/cmdb/login/">退出</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="pg-content">
        <div class="menu">
            <div class="menu-info">
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>订单管理</dt>
                    <dd><a>订单列表</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>退款列表</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>发货列表</a></dd>
                </dl>
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>轮播图管理</dt>
                    <dd><a>首页轮播图</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>添加轮播图</a></dd>
                </dl>
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>产品管理</dt>
                    <dd><a>产品列表</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>添加产品</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>共享产品库</a></dd>
                </dl>
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>类目管理</dt>
                    <dd><a>类目列表</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>添加类目</a></dd>
                </dl>
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>仓库管理</dt>
                    <dd><a>添加仓库</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>商品库存</a></dd>
                </dl>
                <dl class="dl">
                    <dt>用户管理</dt>
                    <dd><a href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户列表</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>添加新用户</a></dd>
                    <dd><a>发放奖励</a></dd>
                </dl>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="content">
            <div class="tab-menu">
                <div class="menu-item" id = "t1">待发货</div>
                <div class="" id = "t2">已发货</div>
                <div class="" id = "t3">已完成</div>
            </div>
{#            <div class="count">#}
{#                <div>内容一</div>#}
{#                <div>内容二</div>#}
{#                <div>内容三</div>#}
{#            </div>#}
        </div>
    </div>
    <script src="/static/jquery1.12.4.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $(".dl dt").click(function () {
                $(this).nextAll().removeClass('hide');
                $(this).parent().siblings().find("dd").addClass('hide');
            });
            $('#t1,#t2,#t3').click(function () {
                {#var index = $(this).index();#}
                $(this).css('color','#3babf7').siblings().css('color','black');
                $(this).addClass('menu-item').siblings().removeClass('menu-item');
{#                $(this).addClass('active').siblings().removeClass('active');#}
{#                $('.count').children().eq(index).removeClass('hide').siblings().addClass('hide')#}
            })
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>