Ubuntu 下 简单的hello world 驱动

<span style="color: rgb(47, 71, 0); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; white-space: normal; ">内核树构建过程</span>

安装编译内核所需要的软件（也可不装，除非你要用 make menuconfig，用make oldconfig不要）

<span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong>$ sudo apt-get install build-essential kernel-package libncurses5-dev fakeroot</strong></span>

下载内核源码

<strong><span style="color:#ff6666;">$ sudo apt-get install linux-source-2.6.38</span></strong>

<strong><span style="font-size:18px;color:#ff6666;">$ls</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:18px;color:#ff6666;">linux-2.6.38.8 linux-headers-2.6.38-8 linux-2.6.38.8.tar.bz2 linux-headers-2.6.38-8-generic </span></strong>

现在我们需要/boot目录下的config-2.6.38-8-generic文件，我们把它拷贝到我们刚下好解压的目录，也就是linux-source-2.6.35

<strong><span style="color:#ff6666;">$</span></strong><span style="color:#2f4700;"> </span><span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong>sudo cp /boot/config-2.6.38-8-generic /usr/src/linux-2.6.38/.config</strong></span><span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); "><strong>$ cd /usr/src/linux-source-2.6.35</strong></span>

<span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong>$ sudo make menuconfig</strong></span>

终端会弹出一个配置界面

<strong><span style="color:#ff6666;"><img src="http://hi.csdn.net/attachment/201108/20/0_1313840563rEpB.gif" alt="" /></span></strong>

最后有两项：

load a Alternative kernel configuration... 
save a Alternative configuration... 
选择load a kernel configuration保存，然后在选择save akernel configuration再保存退出，并退出配置环境。 

接下来我们就要开始编译了。

<strong><span style="color:#ff6666;"><span style="font-size:18px;">$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.38-8</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:#ff6666;"><span style="font-size:18px;">$ make</span></span></strong>这个过程很久。耐心等待

<strong><span style="color:#ff6666;"><span style="font-size:18px;">$ make bzImage</span></span></strong> 执行结束后，可以看到在当前目录下生成了一个新的文件: vmlinux。 

 

<strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); "><span style="font-size:18px;">$ make modules</span></span></strong><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); line-height: normal; ">$ make</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102); line-height: normal; "> </span><span style="font-family:宋体, Arial;color:#ff6666;"><span style="line-height: 19px; ">modules_install</span></span></span></span>

在工作空间的任意一个目录下：

</pre><pre name="code" class="html"><strong><span style="color:#ff6666;">$ vi hello.c</span></strong><span style="color:#2f4700;"> </span>#include<linux/init.h> #include<linux/module.h> MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); static int hello_init(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "hello,world\n"); return 0; } static void hello_exit(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "exit hello\n"); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit);
# vi Makefileobj-m := hello.o KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-generic/build PWD := $(shell pwd) modules: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules modules_install: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install clean: rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions $(TARGET)(记住$(MAKE))那里有个TAB一下，否则回出错。

<span style="font-size:18px;"><span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong>$ sudo make</strong></span><span style="color:#2f4700;"> </span></span><span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong><span style="font-size:18px;">$ ls</span></strong></span><span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong><span style="font-size:18px;">hello.c   hello.mod.c  hello.o   modules.order hello.ko  hello.mod.o  Makefile  Module.symvers</span> </strong></span>

把hello.ko加载到内核

<strong><span style="font-size:18px;color:#ff6666;">$insmod ./hello.ko </span></strong>

查看hello

<span style="color:#ff6666;">$ lsmod|grep hello</span><span style="color:#2f4700;"> </span><span style="color:#ff6666;">hello                  12448  0  </span>把hello这个模块移除掉

<span style="color:#ff6666;">$rmmod hello</span>查看 hello的输出

<span style="color:#ff6666;">$ cat /var/log/syslog</span>

<span style="color:#ff6666;"><strong>Aug 21 03:23:59 lab kernel: [10427.838397] hello,world Aug 21 03:26:53 lab kernel: [10601.623061] exit hello</strong></span>