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  • Socket 用于进程间通信 --- UNIX Domain Socket

      socket API原本是为网络通讯设计的,但后来在socket的框架上发展出一种IPC机制,就是UNIX Domain Socket。虽然网络socket也可用于同一台主机的进程间通讯(通过loopback地址127.0.0.1),但是UNIX Domain Socket用于IPC更有效率:不需要经过网络协议栈,不需要打包拆包、计算校验和、维护序号和应答等,只是将应用层数据从一个进程拷贝到另一个进程。这是因为,IPC机制本质上是可靠的通讯,而网络协议是为不可靠的通讯设计的。UNIX Domain Socket也提供面向流和面向数据包两种API接口,类似于TCP和UDP,但是面向消息的UNIX Domain Socket也是可靠的,消息既不会丢失也不会顺序错乱。

      UNIX Domain Socket是全双工的,API接口语义丰富,相比其它IPC机制有明显的优越性,目前已成为使用最广泛的IPC机制,比如X Window服务器和GUI程序之间就是通过UNIX Domain Socket通讯的。

      使用UNIX Domain Socket的过程和网络socket十分相似,也要先调用socket()创建一个socket文件描述符,address family指定为AF_UNIX,type可以选择SOCK_DGRAM或SOCK_STREAM,protocol参数仍然指定为0即可

      UNIX Domain Socket与网络socket编程最明显的不同在于地址格式不同,用结构体sockaddr_un表示,网络编程的socket地址是IP地址加端口号,而UNIX Domain Socket的地址是一个socket类型的文件在文件系统中的路径,这个socket文件由bind()调用创建,如果调用bind()时该文件已存在,则bind()错误返回

      以下程序将UNIX Domain socket绑定到一个地址。

     1 #include <stdlib.h> 
     2 #include <stdio.h>
     3 #include <stddef.h>
     4 #include <sys/socket.h>
     5 #include <sys/un.h>  
     6 
     7 int main(void)  
     8 { 
     9     int fd, size;  
    10     struct sockaddr_un un;
    11 
    12     memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));  
    13     un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;  
    14     strcpy(un.sun_path, "foo.socket");  
    15     if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) 
    16     {  
    17         perror("socket error");
    18         exit(1);  
    19     }  
    20     size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)   +strlen(un.sun_path);
    21   
    22     if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, size) < 0) 
    23     {  
    24         perror("bind error");  
    25         exit(1); 
    26      }  
    27 
    28     printf("UNIX domain socket bound/n");  
    29     exit(0);  
    30     }               
    bind

      注意程序中的offsetof宏,它在stddef.h头文件中定义:

      #define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((int)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)      

      offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)就是取sockaddr_un结构体的sun_path成员在结构体中的偏移,也就是从结构体的第几个字节开始是sun_path成员。想一想,这个宏是如何实现这一功能的?(先将TYPE类型的指针首地址设为0,然后取MEMBER成员的地址就是该成员在TYPE中的偏移数。)

    该程序的运行结果如下。

    $ ./a.out  UNIX domain socket bound  
    $ ls -l
    foo.socket srwxrwxr-x 1 user 0 Aug 22 12:43 foo.socket
    $ ./a.out bind error: Address already in use
    $ rm foo.socket
    $ ./a.out UNIX domain socket bound

      以下是服务器的listen模块,与网络socket编程类似,在bind之后要listen,表示通过bind的地址(也就是socket文件)提供服务。

     1 #include <stddef.h>
     2 #include <sys/socket.h>
     3 #include <sys/un.h>
     4 #include <errno.h>
     5 
     6 #define QLEN 10
     7 
     8 /*
     9 * Create a server endpoint of a connection.
    10 * Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error.
    11 */
    12 
    13 int serv_listen(const char *name)
    14 {
    15     int fd, len, err, rval;
    16     struct sockaddr_un  un;
    17 
    18     /* create a UNIX domain stream socket */
    19     if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
    20         return(-1);
    21     unlink(name);   /* in case it already exists */
    22 
    23     /* fill in socket address structure */
    24     memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
    25     un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    26 
    27     strcpy(un.sun_path, name);
    28     len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(name);
    29 
    30     /* bind the name to the descriptor */
    31     if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0)
    32     {
    33         rval = -2;
    34         goto errout;
    35     }
    36 
    37     if (listen(fd, QLEN) < 0)
    38     { /* tell kernel we're a server */
    39         rval = -3;
    40         goto errout;
    41     }
    42 
    43     return(fd);
    44 
    45 errout:
    46     err = errno;
    47     close(fd);
    48     errno = err;
    49     return(rval);
    50 }
    listen

      以下是服务器的accept模块,通过accept得到客户端地址也应该是一个socket文件,如果不是socket文件就返回错误码,如果是 socket文件,在建立连接后这个文件就没有用了,调用unlink把它删掉,通过传出参数uidptr返回客户端程序的user id。

     1 #include <stddef.h>  
     2 #include <sys/stat.h>  
     3 #include <sys/socket.h>  
     4 #include <sys/un.h>  
     5 #include <errno.h>  
     6 
     7 int serv_accept(int listenfd, uid_t *uidptr)  
     8 {  int clifd, len, err, rval;  
     9   time_t staletime;  
    10   struct sockaddr_un  un;  
    11   struct stat statbuf;
    12   len = sizeof(un);
    13   if ((clifd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, &len)) < 0)  
    14     return(-1);     
    15 /* often errno=EINTR, if signal caught */  
    16 /* obtain the client's uid from its calling address */  
    17   len -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path); /* len of pathname */  
    18   un.sun_path[len] = 0;           /* null terminate */  
    19   if (stat(un.sun_path, &statbuf) < 0) 
    20   {  
    21     rval = -2;  
    22     goto errout;  
    23   }  
    24   if (S_ISSOCK(statbuf.st_mode) == 0) 
    25   {  
    26     rval = -3;     
    27     /* not a socket */  
    28     goto errout;  
    29   } 
    30   if (uidptr != NULL)  
    31     *uidptr = statbuf.st_uid;   /* return uid of caller */  
    32   unlink(un.sun_path);        /* we're done with pathname now */  
    33   
    34   return(clifd);  
    35 
    36 errout:   
    37   err = errno;  
    38   close(clifd);  
    39   errno = err;  
    40   return(rval);  
    41 }      
    accept

      以下是客户端的connect模块,与网络socket编程不同的是,UNIX Domain Socket客户端一般要显式调用bind函数,而不依赖系统自动分配的地址。客户端bind一个自己指定的socket文件名的好处是,该文件名可以包含客户端的pid以便服务器区分不同的客户端。

     1 /*
     2  * ss.c
     3  *
     4  *  Created on: 2013-7-29
     5  *      Author: Administrator
     6  */
     7 #include <stdio.h>
     8 #include <stddef.h>
     9 #include <sys/stat.h>
    10 #include <sys/socket.h>
    11 #include <sys/un.h>
    12 #include <errno.h>
    13 
    14 #define CLI_PATH    "/var/tmp/"
    15 
    16 /* +5 for pid = 14 chars */
    17 /*
    18  * Create a client endpoint and connect to a server.
    19  * Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error.
    20  */
    21 int cli_conn(const char *name)
    22 {
    23     int fd, len, err, rval;
    24     struct sockaddr_un un;
    25     /* create a UNIX domain stream socket */
    26     if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
    27         return(-1);  /* fill socket address structure with our address */
    28     memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
    29     un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    30     sprintf(un.sun_path, "%s%05d", CLI_PATH, getpid());
    31     len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(un.sun_path);
    32     unlink(un.sun_path);
    33     /* in case it already exists */
    34     if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0)
    35     {
    36         rval = -2;
    37         goto errout;
    38     }
    39     /* fill socket address structure with server's address */
    40     memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
    41     un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    42     strcpy(un.sun_path, name);
    43     len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(name);
    44     if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0)
    45     {
    46         rval = -4;
    47         goto errout;
    48     }  return(fd);
    49     errout:  err = errno;
    50     close(fd);
    51     errno = err;
    52     return(rval);  
    53 }
    connect

      服务器端:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <sys/un.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <stddef.h>
    #include <string.h>
    
    // the max connection number of the server
    #define MAX_CONNECTION_NUMBER 5
    
    /* * Create a server endpoint of a connection. * Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error. */
    int unix_socket_listen(const char *servername)
    { 
      int fd;
      struct sockaddr_un un; 
      if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
      {
           return(-1); 
      }
      int len, rval; 
      unlink(servername);               /* in case it already exists */ 
      memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un)); 
      un.sun_family = AF_UNIX; 
      strcpy(un.sun_path, servername); 
      len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(servername); 
      /* bind the name to the descriptor */ 
      if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0)
      { 
        rval = -2; 
      } 
      else
      {
          if (listen(fd, MAX_CONNECTION_NUMBER) < 0)    
          { 
            rval =  -3; 
          }
          else
          {
            return fd;
          }
      }
      int err;
      err = errno;
      close(fd); 
      errno = err;
      return rval;    
    }
    
    int unix_socket_accept(int listenfd, uid_t *uidptr)
    { 
       int clifd, len, rval; 
       time_t staletime; 
       struct sockaddr_un un;
       struct stat statbuf; 
       len = sizeof(un); 
       if ((clifd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, &len)) < 0) 
       {
          return(-1);     
       }
     /* obtain the client's uid from its calling address */ 
       len -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);  /* len of pathname */
       un.sun_path[len] = 0; /* null terminate */ 
       if (stat(un.sun_path, &statbuf) < 0) 
       {
          rval = -2;
       } 
       else
       {
           if (S_ISSOCK(statbuf.st_mode) ) 
           { 
              if (uidptr != NULL) *uidptr = statbuf.st_uid;    /* return uid of caller */ 
              unlink(un.sun_path);       /* we're done with pathname now */ 
              return clifd;         
           } 
           else
           {
              rval = -3;     /* not a socket */ 
           }
        }
       int err;
       err = errno; 
       close(clifd); 
       errno = err;
       return(rval);
     }
     
     void unix_socket_close(int fd)
     {
        close(fd);     
     }
    
    int main(void)
    { 
      int listenfd,connfd; 
      listenfd = unix_socket_listen("foo.sock");
      if(listenfd<0)
      {
         printf("Error[%d] when listening...
    ",errno);
         return 0;
      }
      printf("Finished listening...
    ",errno);
      uid_t uid;
      connfd = unix_socket_accept(listenfd, &uid);
      unix_socket_close(listenfd);  
      if(connfd<0)
      {
         printf("Error[%d] when accepting...
    ",errno);
         return 0;
      }  
       printf("Begin to recv/send...
    ");  
      int i,n,size;
      char rvbuf[2048];
      for(i=0;i<2;i++)
      {
    //===========接收==============
       size = recv(connfd, rvbuf, 804, 0);   
         if(size>=0)
         {
           // rvbuf[size]='';
            printf("Recieved Data[%d]:%c...%c
    ",size,rvbuf[0],rvbuf[size-1]);
         }
         if(size==-1)
         {
             printf("Error[%d] when recieving Data:%s.
    ",errno,strerror(errno));     
                 break;        
         }
    /*
     //===========发送==============
         memset(rvbuf, 'c', 2048);
             size = send(connfd, rvbuf, 2048, 0);
         if(size>=0)
         {
            printf("Data[%d] Sended.
    ",size);
         }
         if(size==-1)
         {
             printf("Error[%d] when Sending Data.
    ",errno);     
                 break;        
         }
    */
     sleep(30);
      }
       unix_socket_close(connfd);
       printf("Server exited.
    ");    
     }
    server

      客户端:

      1 #include <stdio.h>
      2 #include <stddef.h>
      3 #include <sys/stat.h>
      4 #include <sys/socket.h>
      5 #include <sys/un.h>
      6 #include <errno.h>
      7 #include <string.h>
      8 
      9 /* Create a client endpoint and connect to a server.   Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error. */
     10 int unix_socket_conn(const char *servername)
     11 { 
     12   int fd; 
     13   if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)    /* create a UNIX domain stream socket */ 
     14   {
     15     return(-1);
     16   }
     17   int len, rval;
     18    struct sockaddr_un un;          
     19   memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));            /* fill socket address structure with our address */
     20   un.sun_family = AF_UNIX; 
     21   sprintf(un.sun_path, "scktmp%05d", getpid()); 
     22   len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(un.sun_path);
     23   unlink(un.sun_path);               /* in case it already exists */ 
     24   if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0)
     25   { 
     26        rval=  -2; 
     27   } 
     28   else
     29   {
     30     /* fill socket address structure with server's address */
     31       memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un)); 
     32       un.sun_family = AF_UNIX; 
     33       strcpy(un.sun_path, servername); 
     34       len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(servername); 
     35       if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0) 
     36       {
     37           rval= -4; 
     38       } 
     39       else
     40       {
     41          return (fd);
     42       }
     43   }
     44   int err;
     45   err = errno;
     46   close(fd); 
     47   errno = err;
     48   return rval;      
     49 }
     50  
     51  void unix_socket_close(int fd)
     52  {
     53     close(fd);     
     54  }
     55 
     56 
     57 int main(void)
     58 { 
     59   srand((int)time(0));
     60   int connfd; 
     61   connfd = unix_socket_conn("foo.sock");
     62   if(connfd<0)
     63   {
     64      printf("Error[%d] when connecting...",errno);
     65      return 0;
     66   }
     67    printf("Begin to recv/send...
    ");  
     68   int i,n,size;
     69   char rvbuf[4096];
     70   for(i=0;i<10;i++)
     71   {
     72 /*
     73     //=========接收=====================
     74     size = recv(connfd, rvbuf, 800, 0);   //MSG_DONTWAIT
     75      if(size>=0)
     76      {
     77         printf("Recieved Data[%d]:%c...%c
    ",size,rvbuf[0],rvbuf[size-1]);
     78      }
     79      if(size==-1)
     80      {
     81          printf("Error[%d] when recieving Data.
    ",errno);     
     82              break;        
     83      }
     84          if(size < 800) break;
     85 */
     86     //=========发送======================
     87 memset(rvbuf,'a',2048);
     88          rvbuf[2047]='b';
     89          size = send(connfd, rvbuf, 2048, 0);
     90      if(size>=0)
     91      {
     92         printf("Data[%d] Sended:%c.
    ",size,rvbuf[0]);
     93      }
     94      if(size==-1)
     95      {
     96         printf("Error[%d] when Sending Data:%s.
    ",errno,strerror(errno));     
     97             break;        
     98      }
     99          sleep(1);
    100   }
    101    unix_socket_close(connfd);
    102    printf("Client exited.
    ");    
    103  }
    Client

     参考链接:

    http://blog.csdn.net/guxch/article/details/7041052

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chekliang/p/3222950.html
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