ModelViewSet

一.创建项目
1.创建 项目 ：

django-admin startprojet drf
2. 创建 两个app ------ app1 ,book

python manage.py startapp app1
python manage.py startapp book

3. settings 配置 ,一定不能少了 rest_framework 这个app的注册。

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework',
'book',
　　'app1',
]

连接数据库

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'book', # 数据库名
'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
'PORT':3306,
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'123' # 这里必须为字符串
}
}

4. 主应用中 init.py 文件中：

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
5. bookapp 中的 model.py 中建表

from django.db import models

Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='书名')

pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name='出版日期')

bread = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='阅读量')

bcomment = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论数')

class Meta:

    db_table ='book'

def __str__(self):

    return self.title

class Hero(models.Model):

name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='名字')

age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄')


class Meta:

    db_table='人物'


def __str__(self):

    return self.name

6. 数据库迁移。

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

7. 在表中录入数据。

接口实现

1.在app1 先创建serializers.py 文件

from rest_framework import serializers

from book.models import Book,Hero

class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:
    model = Book

    fields='__all__'

    # 可以给模型序列化器里面指定的字段设置限制选项
    extra_kwargs = {
        'bread':{'min_value':0,'required':True}
    }

class HeroModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:
    model = Hero

    fields = '__all__'

2. app1 views.py 创建视图

from django.shortcuts import render

Create your views here.

from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from app1.serializers import BookModelSerializer, HeroModelSerializer
from book.models import Book, Hero

class BookModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookModelSerializer

@action(methods=['get'],detail=False)#detail=False 是否为详情页数据
def get_top_5(self,request):  # 其接口 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app1/book/get_top_5/
    # 获取阅读量最多的5条数据
    books = Book.objects.order_by('-bread')[:5] # 取阅读量为前5的书籍

    serializer = BookModelSerializer(instance=books,many=True)

    return Response(serializer.data)

# action是drf提供的路由和视图方法绑定关系的装饰器
# from rest_framework.decorators import action
# 参数1: methods 列表，设置视图方法允许哪些http请求访问进来
# 参数2: detail  当前是否方法是否属于详情页视图，
#        False，系统不会自动增加pk在生成的路由地址中
#        True  则系统会自动增加pk在生成的路由地址
@action(methods=['get','post'],detail=True)
def get_one_title(self,request,pk):

    book = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)

    return Response(book.btitle)

class HeroModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):

queryset = Hero.objects.all()

serializer_class = HeroModelSerializer

3. 配置路由
   　　1.app1 应用下创建一个路由文件 urls.py

from rest_framework import routers

from app1.views import BookModelViewSet, HeroModelViewSet

urlpatterns=[]

router = routers.DefaultRouter() # 开发环境用，有主界面

router = routers.SimpleRouter() # 生产环境用

router.register('book',BookModelViewSet)
router.register('hero',HeroModelViewSet)

urlpatterns += router.urls

　　2.主应用下 urls.py 文件中

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('app1/',include('app1.urls'))
]