PyQt5对话框

QMessageBox

功能：一种弹出式的对话框，用于显示消息，或是允许用户进行点击选中

接口：

方法	描述
information(parent, title, text, buttons, defaultButton)	弹出信息对话框 parent：指定父窗口 title：对话框标题 text：对话框内容 buttons：多个标准按钮 defaultButton：默认选中按钮
question(parent, title, text, buttons, defaultButton)	弹出问答对话框
warning(parent, title, text, buttons, defaultButton)	弹出警告对话框
critical(parent, title, text, buttons, defaultButton)	弹出严重错误对话框
about(parent, title, text)	唐初关于对话框

对话框中的标准按钮：

类型	描述
QMessageBox.Ok	同意操作
QMessageBox.Cancle	取消操作
QMessageBox.Yes	同意操作
QMessageBox.No	取消操作
QMessageBox.Abort	终止操作
QMessageBox.Retry	重试操作
QMessageBox.Ignore	忽略操作

QinputDialog

功能：有一个文本框和两个按钮组成，提供给用户输入功能

接口：

方法	描述
getInt()	从控件中获取整型数据
getDouble()	从控件中获取浮点型数据
getText()	从控件中获取字符串
getItem()	从控件中获取列表里的选择项

QFontDialog

功能：字体选择对话框，用户选择字体的大小，样式以及格式

接口：

方法	描述
getFont	弹出字体选择对话框

QFileDialog

功能：用于打开和保存文件的对话框

接口：

方法	描述
getOpenFileName()	弹出文件对话框
setFileMode()	设置可选择的文件类型 QFileDialog.AnyFile 任何文件 QFileDialog.ExistingFile 存在的文件 QFileDialog.Directory 文件夹 QFileDialog.ExistingFiles 已经存在的多个文件
setFilter()	设置过滤器，只显示过滤器允许的文件

例子

1.弹出各种对话框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QMessageBox


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__()

        infoButton = QPushButton(self)
        infoButton.setText('info')
        infoButton.move(10, 10)
        infoButton.clicked.connect(self.onInfo)

        quesButton = QPushButton(self)
        quesButton.setText('ques')
        quesButton.move(10, 50)
        quesButton.clicked.connect(self.onQues)

        warnButton = QPushButton(self)
        warnButton.setText('warn')
        warnButton.move(10, 90)
        warnButton.clicked.connect(self.onWarn)

        ctcButton = QPushButton(self)
        ctcButton.setText('ctc')
        ctcButton.move(10, 130)
        ctcButton.clicked.connect(self.onCtc)

        aboutButton = QPushButton(self)
        aboutButton.setText('about')
        aboutButton.move(10, 170)
        aboutButton.clicked.connect(self.onAbout)

    def onInfo(self):
        reply = QMessageBox.information(self, 'Information Dialog', 'hello PyQt', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            print('you choise Yes')
        elif reply == QMessageBox.No:
            print('you choise No')
        pass

    def onQues(self):
        reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'Question Dialog', 'are you ok?', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            print('you choise Yes')
        elif reply == QMessageBox.No:
            print('you choise No')
        pass

    def onWarn(self):
        reply = QMessageBox.warning(self, 'Warning Dialog', 'Danger! Deep!', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            print('you choise Yes')
        elif reply == QMessageBox.No:
            print('you choise No')
        pass

    def onCtc(self):
        reply = QMessageBox.critical(self, 'Critical Dialog', 'Critical Danger!', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.Yes)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            print('you choise Yes')
        elif reply == QMessageBox.No:
            print('you choise No')
        pass

    def onAbout(self):
        QMessageBox.about(self, 'About Dialog', 'Version: 0.0.0')
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.resize(500, 300)
    w.move(300, 300)
    w.setWindowTitle('Simple')
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

2.使用输入对话框获取用户输入的数据

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QInputDialog

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__()

        button1 = QPushButton(self)
        button1.setText('button1')
        button1.move(10, 10)
        button1.clicked.connect(self.onButton1)

        button2 = QPushButton(self)
        button2.setText('button2')
        button2.move(10, 50)
        button2.clicked.connect(self.onButton2)

        button3 = QPushButton(self)
        button3.setText('button3')
        button3.move(10, 90)
        button3.clicked.connect(self.onButton3)

    def onButton1(self):
        items = ('C', 'C++', 'Python', 'Go')
        item, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self, 'select input dialog', '语言列表', items, 0, False)
        if ok and item:
            print(item)

    def onButton2(self):
        text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, 'test input dialog', '输入姓名')
        if ok:
            print(text)

    def onButton3(self):
        num, ok = QInputDialog.getInt(self, 'test input dialog', '输入年龄')
        if ok:
            print(num)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.resize(500, 300)
    w.move(300, 300)
    w.setWindowTitle('Simple')
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3.获取用户选择的字体

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QFontDialog

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__()

        button = QPushButton(self)
        button.setText('button')
        button.move(10, 10)
        button.clicked.connect(self.onButton)

    def onButton(self):
        font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
        if ok:
            print(font.family())
            print(font.pointSize())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.resize(500, 300)
    w.move(300, 300)
    w.setWindowTitle('Simple')
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

 4.使用文件对话框选择文件

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QFileDialog

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__()

        button = QPushButton(self)
        button.setText('button')
        button.move(10, 10)
        button.clicked.connect(self.onButton)

        button2 = QPushButton(self)
        button2.setText('button2')
        button2.move(10, 50)
        button2.clicked.connect(self.onButton2)

    def onButton(self):
        fname, ftype  = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open File', 'C:\')
        print(fname)
        print(ftype)

    def onButton2(self):
        dlg = QFileDialog()
        dlg.setFileMode(QFileDialog.ExistingFiles)
        if dlg.exec_():
            fname = dlg.selectedFiles()
            for f in fname:
                print(f)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.resize(500, 300)
    w.move(300, 300)
    w.setWindowTitle('Simple')
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())