Nginx源码编译安装与负载均衡配置实践

参考文档：
http://blog.s135.com/post/306/
http://wangyan.org/blog/install-nginx-from-source.html

安装与配置实践：
1. 安装pcre库，使Nginx支持正则表达式
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.30.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz
注：不需要执行编译和安装过程（系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包），因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。

2. 安装zlib库
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.6/zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz/download
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz
注：不需要执行编译和安装过程（系统通常已经安装有较低版本的RPM包），因此仅作为编译Nginx时的引用。

3. 编译安装Nginx
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf nginx-1.1.9.tar.gz

# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/tmp
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/run
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/lock

# useradd nginx

# cd nginx-1.1.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--pid-path=/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.30 \
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.6 \
--with-debug \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi

参数详解：
--prefix #nginx安装目录，默认在/usr/local/nginx
--user=nginx #运行nginx的用户
--group=nginx #运行nginx的用户组
--pid-path #pid问件位置，默认在logs目录
--lock-path #lock问件位置，默认在logs目录
--with-http_ssl_module #开启HTTP SSL模块，以支持HTTPS请求。
--with-http_dav_module #开启WebDAV扩展动作模块，可为文件和目录指定权限
--with-http_flv_module #支持对FLV文件的拖动播放
--with-http_realip_module #支持显示真实来源IP地址
--with-http_gzip_static_module #预压缩文件传前检查，防止文件被重复压缩
--with-http_stub_status_module #取得一些nginx的运行状态
--with-mail #允许POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块
--with-mail_ssl_module #允许POP3／IMAP／SMTP可以使用SSL／TLS
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.11 #指定未安装的pcre路径
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.5 #注意是未安装的zlib路径
--with-debug #允许调试日志
--http-client-body-temp-path #客户端请求临时文件路径
--http-proxy-temp-path #设置http proxy临时文件路径
--http-fastcgi-temp-path #设置http fastcgi临时文件路径
--http-uwsgi-temp-path #设置uwsgi 临时文件路径
--http-scgi-temp-path #设置scgi 临时文件路径

# make && make install

安装完成后会看到以下信息：

---
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: ../pcre-8.30
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ md5: using OpenSSL library
+ sha1: using OpenSSL library
+ using zlib library: ../zlib-1.2.6

nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/run/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/client"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/uwsgi"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "/opt/nginx/tmp/scgi"
---

4. 配置Nginx服务脚本
# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/init.d

# vim /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx

001

#!/bin/sh

002

#

003	# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin

004

#

005	# chkconfig:   - 85 15

006	# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

007	#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

008	# processname: nginx

009	# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

010	# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

011

012	# Source function library.

013	. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

014

015	# Source networking configuration.

016	. /etc/sysconfig/network

017

018	# Check that networking is up.

019	[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

020

021	nginx="/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx"

022	prog=$(basename $nginx)

023

024	NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

025

026	lockfile=/opt/nginx/lock/nginx.lock

027

028

start() {

029	[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

030	[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

031	echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

032	daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

033

retval=$?

034

echo

035	[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

036	return $retval

037

}

038

039

stop() {

040	echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

041	killproc $prog -QUIT

042

retval=$?

043

echo

044	[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

045	return $retval

046

}

047

048	restart() {

049	configtest || return $?

050

stop

051

start

052

}

053

054	reload() {

055	configtest || return $?

056	echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

057	killproc $nginx -HUP

058

RETVAL=$?

059

echo

060

}

061

062	force_reload() {

063

restart

064

}

065

066	configtest() {

067	$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

068

}

069

070	rh_status() {

071	status $prog

072

}

073

074	rh_status_q() {

075	rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

076

}

077

078	case "$1" in

079

start)

080	rh_status_q && exit 0

081

$1

082

;;

083

stop)

084	rh_status_q || exit 0

085

$1

086

;;

087	restart|configtest)

088

$1

089

;;

090

reload)

091	rh_status_q || exit 7

092

$1

093

;;

094	force-reload)

095	force_reload

096

;;

097

status)

098

rh_status

099

;;

100	condrestart|try-restart)

101	rh_status_q || exit 0

102

;;

103

*)

104	echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

105

exit 2

106

esac

# chmod +x /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx

这样，就可以通过以下方式来管理Nginx服务：
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx stop
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx restart
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx reload

5. Nignx负载均衡配置
# cd /opt/nginx/conf/
# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

# vim /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

01	user  nginx nginx;

02

03	worker_processes 10;

04

05	error_log  logs/error.log;

06

07	worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

08

09

events

10

{

11	use epoll;

12	worker_connections 51200;

13

}

14

15

http

16

{

17	include       mime.types;

18	default_type  application/octet-stream;

19

20	keepalive_timeout 120;

21

22	tcp_nodelay on;

23

24	upstream  192.168.203.133  {

25

#ip_hash;

26	server   192.168.203.134:80;

27	server   192.168.203.135:80;

28	server   192.168.203.136:80;

29	server   192.168.203.137:80;

30

}

31

32

server

33

{

34	listen  80;

35	server_name  192.168.203.133;

36

37	location / {

38	proxy_pass        http://192.168.203.133;

39	proxy_set_header   Host             $host;

40	proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;

41	proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

42

}

43

44	log_format  192_168_203_133  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '

45	'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

46	'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

47	access_log  /opt/nginx/logs/cluster.log 192_168_203_133;

48

}

49

}

启动Nginx服务
# /opt/nginx/init.d/nginx start

通过浏览器直接访问http://192.168.203.133，可以发现，在多次刷新之后，请求会随机分配到后端的Web服务器上。