VIrtualBox扩容-Linux根分区扩容

参考网页：https://blog.csdn.net/wzy0623/article/details/50667442

一、CMD下扩容

1.进入VIrtualBox安装位置：cd E:SoftWareVirtualBox

2.若格式不是VDI则将VDH虚拟硬盘转化成VDI：

VBoxManage clonehd E:SoftWareVirtualBoxDisklinux01.vhd E:SoftWareVirtualBoxDisklinux02.vdi --format VDI

3.VDI扩容

VBoxManage modifyhd E:SoftWareVirtualBoxDisklinux02.vdi --resize 20480

中间存在空格时可使用“”修饰

VBoxManage modifyhd "E:SoftWareVirtualBox VMscentos6.5linux01.vdi" --resize 20480

二.centos6.5 linux下生效

1.查看挂载情况fdisk -l

[root@localhost home]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005137c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1045     7875584   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可以看到：

（1）Linux就一块虚拟的物理盘/dev/sda，扩容后该盘的空间20G。

（2）该盘已有两个物理分区/dev/sda1和/dev/sda2。

（3）/dev/sda1 485M，用作boot分区。

（4）/dev/sda2 7.5G，分成两个逻辑卷，一个用作根6G，一个用作交换1.5G。

下面要做的就是将/dev/sda上未分配的磁盘空间分区，并添加到根分区所属的逻辑卷上。

2.将/dev/sda上未分配的磁盘空间分区

[root@localhost home]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (1045-2610, default 1045): w
First cylinder (1045-2610, default 1045): 
Using default value 1045
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1045-2610, default 2610): 
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

3.重启虚拟机

4.将新建的分区格式化，建立文件系统mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
786432 inodes, 3144054 blocks
157202 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3221225472
96 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.创建物理卷 pvcreate /dev/sda3

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

6.执行完后查看物理卷 pvdisplay

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               VolGroup
  PV Size               7.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1922
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1922
  PV UUID               5UbDaB-Lvxi-i0MV-tjZ4-fRZ1-hxsp-6SLBz5
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "11.99 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               11.99 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               ldePe6-5NF1-6Nsn-QdEW-Evdj-Qjl1-PuGe9a
 

可以看到新增了一个12G的物理卷

7.查看卷组 vgdisplay

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               VolGroup
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               7.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1922
  Alloc PE / Size       1922 / 7.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               0JYZxD-Yg23-ytaP-O66f-DOlF-Rm3O-7X0KhH

可以看到只有一个名为VolGroup的卷组，当前大小为7.51G

8.扩展卷组vgextend vg_fab1 /dev/sda3

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sda3
  Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended

9.查看逻辑卷lvdisplay

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                feWkC3-4OpZ-fmQg-kEbq-697P-S7P0-Mp9jKG
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-11-21 11:31:09 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                6.71 GiB
  Current LE             1718
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
  LV Name                lv_swap
  VG Name                VolGroup
  LV UUID                G1WHul-iCRS-PnA1-YOZh-AbdK-cyEm-JqUNEr
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-11-21 11:31:15 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                816.00 MiB
  Current LE             204
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

可以看到用作根的逻辑卷路径为/dev/VolGroup/lv_root

10.扩展逻辑卷 lvextend

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 18G -n /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 18.00 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

11.调整根逻辑卷大小 resize2fs

当系统为centos7时，调整使用xfs_growfs 替换 resize2fs

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/lv_root to 4718592 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is now 4718592 blocks long.

12.再次查看当前操作系统的空间情况df-h

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G  4.8G   13G  29% /
tmpfs                         1.9G   72K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                     485M   35M  426M   8% /boot
[root@localhost ~]#