转载自:http://www.blogfshare.com/dexclassloader.html
看到原来有把原始的dex文件加密保存,然后解密后使用DexClassLoader加载文件的方法,就来分析下DexClassLoader的加载流程:
源码地址:http://androidxref.com/4.4_r1/xref/libcore/dalvik/src/main/java/dalvik/system/DexClassLoader.java
该class加载器是加载包含classes.dex文件的jar文件或者apk文件,需要一个应用私有的,可写的目录去缓存优化的classes。可以用使用File dexoutputDir = context.getDir(“dex”,0);创建一个这样的目录,不要使用外部缓存,以保护你的应用被代码注入。
构造方法如下:
public class DexClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {
下面这段注释详细地说明了这个构造函数中各个参数地意义,不作阐述了,希望大家能够认真阅读,思考;
public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String optimizedDirectory,
String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), libraryPath, parent);
}
}
dexpath为jar或apk文件目录。
optimizedDirectory为优化dex缓存目录。
libraryPath包含native lib的目录路径。
parent父类加载器。
然后执行的是父类的构造函数:
super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), libraryPath, parent);
BaseDexClassLoader 的构造函数如下:
public BaseDexClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory,
String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
super(parent);
this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, libraryPath, optimizedDirectory);
}
第一句调用的还是父类的构造函数,也就是ClassLoader的构造函数:
protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parentLoader) {
this(parentLoader, false);
}
/*
* constructor for the BootClassLoader which needs parent to be null.
*/
ClassLoader(ClassLoader parentLoader, boolean nullAllowed) {
if (parentLoader == null && !nullAllowed) {
throw new NullPointerException(“parentLoader == null && !nullAllowed”);
}
parent = parentLoader;
}
该构造函数把传进来的父类加载器赋给了私有变量parent。
再来看
this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, libraryPath, optimizedDirectory);
pathList为该类的私有成员变量,类型为DexPathList,进去DexPathList函数:
public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, String dexPath,
String libraryPath, File optimizedDirectory) {
………..
this.dexElements = makeDexElements(splitDexPath(dexPath), optimizedDirectory,
suppressedExceptions);
………..
}
前面是一些对于传入参数的验证,然后调用了makeDexElements。
private static Element[] makeDexElements(ArrayList<File> files, File optimizedDirectory,
ArrayList<IOException> suppressedExceptions) {
ArrayList<Element> elements = new ArrayList<Element>();
for (File file : files) {
File zip = null;
DexFile dex = null;
String name = file.getName();
if (name.endsWith(DEX_SUFFIX)) { //dex文件处理
// Raw dex file (not inside a zip/jar).
try {
dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory);
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.logE(“Unable to load dex file: ” + file, ex);
}
} else if (name.endsWith(APK_SUFFIX) || name.endsWith(JAR_SUFFIX)
|| name.endsWith(ZIP_SUFFIX)) { //apk,jar,zip文件处理
zip = file;
try {
dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory);
} catch (IOException suppressed) {
suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed);
}
} else if (file.isDirectory()) {
elements.add(new Element(file, true, null, null));
} else {
System.logW(“Unknown file type for: ” + file);
}
if ((zip != null) || (dex != null)) {
elements.add(new Element(file, false, zip, dex));
}
}
return elements.toArray(new Element[elements.size()]);
}
}
不管是dex文件,还是apk文件最终加载的都是loadDexFile,跟进这个函数:
private static DexFile loadDexFile(File file, File optimizedDirectory)
throws IOException {
if (optimizedDirectory == null) {
return new DexFile(file);
} else {
String optimizedPath = optimizedPathFor(file, optimizedDirectory);
return DexFile.loadDex(file.getPath(), optimizedPath, 0);
}
}
如果optimizedDirectory为null就会调用openDexFile(fileName, null, 0);加载文件。
否则调用DexFile.loadDex(file.getPath(), optimizedPath, 0);
而这个函数也只是直接调用new DexFile(sourcePathName, outputPathName, flags);
里面调用的也是openDexFile(sourceName, outputName, flags);
所以最后都是调用openDexFile,跟进这个函数:
private static int openDexFile(String sourceName, String outputName,
int flags) throws IOException {
return openDexFileNative(new File(sourceName).getCanonicalPath(),
(outputName == null) ? null : new File(outputName).getCanonicalPath(),
flags);
}
而这个函数调用的是so的openDexFileNative这个函数。打开成功则返回一个cookie。
接下来就是分析native函数的实现部分了。
———-openDexFileNative———-
代码地址:http://androidxref.com/4.4_r1/xref/dalvik/vm/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cpp
static void Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_openDexFileNative(const u4* args,
JValue* pResult)
{
……………
if (hasDexExtension(sourceName)
&& dvmRawDexFileOpen(sourceName, outputName, &pRawDexFile, false) == 0) {
ALOGV(“Opening DEX file ‘%s’ (DEX)”, sourceName);
pDexOrJar = (DexOrJar*) malloc(sizeof(DexOrJar));
pDexOrJar->isDex = true;
pDexOrJar->pRawDexFile = pRawDexFile;
pDexOrJar->pDexMemory = NULL;
} else if (dvmJarFileOpen(sourceName, outputName, &pJarFile, false) == 0) {
ALOGV(“Opening DEX file ‘%s’ (Jar)”, sourceName);
pDexOrJar = (DexOrJar*) malloc(sizeof(DexOrJar));
pDexOrJar->isDex = false;
pDexOrJar->pJarFile = pJarFile;
pDexOrJar->pDexMemory = NULL;
} else {
ALOGV(“Unable to open DEX file ‘%s’”, sourceName);
dvmThrowIOException(“unable to open DEX file”);
}
……………
}
这里会根据是否为dex文件或者包含classes.dex文件的jar,分别调用函数dvmRawDexFileOpen和dvmJarFileOpen来处理,最终返回一个DexOrJar的结构。
首先来看dvmRawDexFileOpen函数的处理:
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int dvmRawDexFileOpen(const char* fileName, const char* odexOutputName,
RawDexFile** ppRawDexFile, bool isBootstrap) { ................. dexFd = open(fileName, O_RDONLY); if (dexFd < 0) goto bail; /* If we fork/exec into dexopt, don't let it inherit the open fd. */ dvmSetCloseOnExec(dexFd); //校验前8个字节的magic是否正确,然后把校验和保存到adler32 if (verifyMagicAndGetAdler32(dexFd, &adler32) < 0) { ALOGE("Error with header for %s", fileName); goto bail; } //得到文件修改时间以及文件大小 if (getModTimeAndSize(dexFd, &modTime, &fileSize) < 0) { ALOGE("Error with stat for %s", fileName); goto bail; } ................. //调用函数dexOptCreateEmptyHeader,构造了一个DexOptHeader结构体,写入fd并返回 optFd = dvmOpenCachedDexFile(fileName, cachedName, modTime, adler32, isBootstrap, &newFile, /*createIfMissing=*/true); if (optFd < 0) { ALOGI("Unable to open or create cache for %s (%s)", fileName, cachedName); goto bail; } locked = true; //如果成功生了opt头 if (newFile) { u8 startWhen, copyWhen, endWhen; bool result; off_t dexOffset; dexOffset = lseek(optFd, 0, SEEK_CUR); result = (dexOffset > 0); if (result) { startWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec(); // 将dex文件中的内容写入文件的当前位置,也就是从dexOffset的偏移处开始写 result = copyFileToFile(optFd, dexFd, fileSize) == 0; copyWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec(); } if (result) { //对dex文件进行优化 result = dvmOptimizeDexFile(optFd, dexOffset, fileSize, fileName, modTime, adler32, isBootstrap); } if (!result) { ALOGE("Unable to extract+optimize DEX from '%s'", fileName); goto bail; } endWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec(); ALOGD("DEX prep '%s': copy in %dms, rewrite %dms", fileName, (int) (copyWhen - startWhen) / 1000, (int) (endWhen - copyWhen) / 1000); } //dvmDexFileOpenFromFd这个函数最主要在这里干了两件事情 // 1.将优化后得dex文件(也就是odex文件)通过mmap映射到内存中,并通过mprotect修改它的映射内存为只读权限 // 2.将映射为只读的这块dex数据中的内容全部提取到DexFile这个数据结构中去 if (dvmDexFileOpenFromFd(optFd, &pDvmDex) != 0) { ALOGI("Unable to map cached %s", fileName); goto bail; } if (locked) { /* unlock the fd */ if (!dvmUnlockCachedDexFile(optFd)) { /* uh oh -- this process needs to exit or we'll wedge the system */ ALOGE("Unable to unlock DEX file"); goto bail; } locked = false; } ALOGV("Successfully opened '%s'", fileName); //填充结构体 RawDexFile *ppRawDexFile = (RawDexFile*) calloc(1, sizeof(RawDexFile)); (*ppRawDexFile)->cacheFileName = cachedName; (*ppRawDexFile)->pDvmDex = pDvmDex; cachedName = NULL; // don't free it below result = 0; bail: free(cachedName); if (dexFd >= 0) { close(dexFd); } if (optFd >= 0) { if (locked) (void) dvmUnlockCachedDexFile(optFd); close(optFd); } return result; } |
最后成功的话,填充RawDexFile。
dvmJarFileOpen的代码处理也是差不多的。
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int dvmJarFileOpen(const char* fileName, const char* odexOutputName,
JarFile** ppJarFile, bool isBootstrap) { ... ... ... //调用函数dexZipOpenArchive来打开zip文件,并缓存到系统内存里 if (dexZipOpenArchive(fileName, &archive) != 0) goto bail; archiveOpen = true; ... //这行代码设置当执行完成后,关闭这个文件句柄 dvmSetCloseOnExec(dexZipGetArchiveFd(&archive)); ... //优先处理已经优化了的Dex文件 fd = openAlternateSuffix(fileName, "odex", O_RDONLY, &cachedName); ... //从压缩包里找到Dex文件,然后打开这个文件 entry = dexZipFindEntry(&archive, kDexInJarName); ... //把未经过优化的Dex文件进行优化处理,并输出到指定的文件 if (odexOutputName == NULL) { cachedName = dexOptGenerateCacheFileName(fileName, kDexInJarName); } ... //创建缓存的优化文件 fd = dvmOpenCachedDexFile(fileName, cachedName, dexGetZipEntryModTime(&archive, entry), dexGetZipEntryCrc32(&archive, entry), isBootstrap, &newFile, /*createIfMissing=*/true); ... //调用函数dexZipExtractEntryToFile从压缩包里解压文件出来 if (result) { startWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec(); result = dexZipExtractEntryToFile(&archive, entry, fd) == 0; extractWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec(); } ... //调用函数dvmOptimizeDexFile对Dex文件进行优化处理 if (result) { result = dvmOptimizeDexFile(fd, dexOffset, dexGetZipEntryUncompLen(&archive, entry), fileName, dexGetZipEntryModTime(&archive, entry), dexGetZipEntryCrc32(&archive, entry), isBootstrap); } ... //调用函数dvmDexFileOpenFromFd来缓存dex文件 //并分析文件的内容。比如标记是否优化的文件,通过签名检查Dex文件是否合法 if (dvmDexFileOpenFromFd(fd, &pDvmDex) != 0) { ALOGI("Unable to map %s in %s", kDexInJarName, fileName); goto bail; } ... //保存文件到缓存里,标记这个文件句柄已经保存到缓存 if (locked) { /* unlock the fd */ if (!dvmUnlockCachedDexFile(fd)) { /* uh oh -- this process needs to exit or we'll wedge the system */ ALOGE("Unable to unlock DEX file"); goto bail; } locked = false; } ... //设置一些相关信息返回前面的函数处理。 *ppJarFile = (JarFile*) calloc(1, sizeof(JarFile)); (*ppJarFile)->archive = archive; (*ppJarFile)->cacheFileName = cachedName; (*ppJarFile)->pDvmDex = pDvmDex; cachedName = NULL; // don't free it below result = 0; ... } |
最后成功的话,填充JarFile。
参考文章:
http://bbs.pediy.com/showthread.php?t=199230