添加新用户
在服务器添加一个新的用户，用户名为 deploy教程
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执行命令
sudo adduser 用户名 -
按提示输入密码
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设置一些个人信息，可以直接按 enter 键，设为空
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添加权限
在 root 用户下，打开
/etc/sudoers文件# # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. # # Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of # directly modifying this file. # # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file. # Defaults env_reset Defaults mail_badpass Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin" # Host alias specification # User alias specification # Cmnd alias specification # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL deploy ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # 添加这一行，使deploy具有使用sudo的权限 # Members of the admin group may gain root privileges %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives: #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
ruby 安装
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安装
rbenv教程来源
sudo deploy回到 deploy 下git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv # 用来编译安装 ruby git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build # 用来管理 gemset, 可选, 因为有 bundler 也没什么必要 git clone git://github.com/jamis/rbenv-gemset.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-gemset # 通过 rbenv update 命令来更新 rbenv 以及所有插件, 推荐 git clone git://github.com/rkh/rbenv-update.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-update # 使用 Ruby China 的镜像安装 Ruby, 国内用户推荐 git clone git://github.com/AndorChen/rbenv-china-mirror.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-china-mirror然后把下面的代码放到
~/.bashrc里export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH" eval "$(rbenv init -)"然后重开一个终端就可以执行 rbenv 了.
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安装 ruby
rbenv install --list # 列出所有 ruby 版本 rbenv install 2.5.0 # 安装 2.5.0安转过程可能出现缺少依赖的错误，可参考这篇文章解决
一般解决办法:sudo apt-get install autoconf bison build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6 libreadline6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev -
验证安装是否成功
rbenv versions # 列出安装的版本 rbenv version # 列出正在使用的版本 -
设置版本
rbenv global 2.5.0 # 默认使用 2.5.0 rbenv shell 2.5.0 # 当前的 shell 使用 2.5.0, 会设置一个 `RBENV_VERSION` 环境变量 rbenv local jruby-1.7.3 # 当前目录使用 jruby-1.7.3, 会生成一个 `.rbenv-version` 文件 -
last
rbenv rehash # 每当切换 ruby 版本和执行 bundle install 之后必须执行这个命令 rbenv which irb # 列出 irb 这个命令的完整路径 rbenv whence irb # 列出包含 irb 这个命令的版本 -
安装
bundlegem install bundle -
安装
railsgem install rails -
安装 nodejs
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash - sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
数据库
使用 postgresql 数据库教程来源
sudo apt-get install postgresql
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新建数据库用户
sudo -i -u postgres //切换到数据库的超级管理员 psql //进入数据库控制台 create user deploy with password 'xxxx'; //新建一个deploy用户，密码是xxx alter role deploy with createdb; //使deploy用户具有创建数据库的权限 alter role deploy with login；//使deploy用户具有登录数据库的权限 -
注意：
在后面安装 pg gem 时，可能会出现
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side applic ation错误,依次执行：sudo apt-get install python-psycopg2 sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
nginx passenger 安装
sudo apt-get install -y dirmngr gnupg
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 561F9B9CAC40B2F7
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates
sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y nginx-extras passenger
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passenger 的配置
nginx 安装以后，打开
/etc/nginx/passenger.conf会看到passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini; passenger_ruby /home/deploy/.rbenv/shims/ruby; //这里需要修改ruby的安装路径which ruby可以查看 ruby 的路径
Capistrano 配置原文教程
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安装必要的包
group :development do gem 'capistrano' gem 'capistrano-bundler' gem 'capistrano-rails' gem 'capistrano-rbenv' # Add this if you're using rvm # gem 'capistrano-rvm' end -
cap install -
我的 capfile 文件
# Load DSL and set up stages require "capistrano/setup" # Include default deployment tasks require "capistrano/deploy" # Load the SCM plugin appropriate to your project: # # require "capistrano/scm/hg" # install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Hg # or # require "capistrano/scm/svn" # install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Svn # or require "capistrano/scm/git" install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git # Include tasks from other gems included in your Gemfile # # For documentation on these, see for example: # # https://github.com/capistrano/rvm # https://github.com/capistrano/rbenv # https://github.com/capistrano/chruby # https://github.com/capistrano/bundler # https://github.com/capistrano/rails # https://github.com/capistrano/passenger # # require "capistrano/rvm" require "capistrano/rbenv" # require "capistrano/chruby" require "capistrano/bundler" require "capistrano/rails/assets" require "capistrano/rails/migrations" require "capistrano/passenger" set :rbenv_type, :user set :rbenv_ruby, '2.5.0' # Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined Dir.glob("lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake").each { |r| import r }我的 deploy.rb 文件
# config valid for current version and patch releases of Capistrano lock "~> 3.10.2" set :application, "script_blog" set :repo_url, "https://github.com/dccmmtop/script_blog.git" # Default branch is :master # ask :branch, `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`.chomp # Default deploy_to directory is /var/www/my_app_name set :deploy_to, "/home/deploy/scrit_blog" # Default value for :format is :airbrussh. # set :format, :airbrussh # You can configure the Airbrussh format using :format_options. # These are the defaults. # set :format_options, command_output: true, log_file: "log/capistrano.log", color: :auto, truncate: :auto # Default value for :pty is false # set :pty, true # Default value for :linked_files is [] # 在服务器<project-name>/share/config/ 下，要手动新建这两个文件， append :linked_files, "config/database.yml","config/secrets.yml" # Default value for linked_dirs is [] append :linked_dirs, "log", "tmp/pids", "tmp/cache", "tmp/sockets", "public/system" # Default value for default_env is {} # set :default_env, { path: "/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH" } # Default value for local_user is ENV['USER'] # set :local_user, -> { `git config user.name`.chomp } # Default value for keep_releases is 5 # set :keep_releases, 5 # Uncomment the following to require manually verifying the host key before first deploy. # set :ssh_options, verify_host_key: :secure注意
append :linked_files, "config/database.yml","config/secrets.yml"database.yml和secrets.yml是手动在,share/config/目录下新建的，一个是连接数据库的相关信息，一个是安全验证相关信息。我的部署目录是scriot_blog/就新建script_blog/share/config/目录同时新建以上两个文件。
database.yml
production: adapter: postgresql pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %> timeout: 5000 database: production_blog username: 'xxx' password: 'xxx'secrets.yml
production: secret_key_base: xxxxxx其中
secret_key_base的值是在本地项目下 执行rake secret命令生成的。 -
deploy/production.rb
# server-based syntax # ====================== # Defines a single server with a list of roles and multiple properties. # You can define all roles on a single server, or split them: # server "39.108.138.149", user: "root", roles: %w{app db web}, my_property: :my_value server "xxxx服务器的ip", user: "deploy", roles: %w{app db web} # server "example.com", user: "deploy", roles: %w{app web}, other_property: :other_value # server "db.example.com", user: "deploy", roles: %w{db} # role-based syntax # ================== # Defines a role with one or multiple servers. The primary server in each # group is considered to be the first unless any hosts have the primary # property set. Specify the username and a domain or IP for the server. # Don't use `:all`, it's a meta role. # role :app, %w{deploy@example.com}, my_property: :my_value # role :web, %w{user1@primary.com user2@additional.com}, other_property: :other_value # role :db, %w{deploy@example.com} # Configuration # ============= # You can set any configuration variable like in config/deploy.rb # These variables are then only loaded and set in this stage. # For available Capistrano configuration variables see the documentation page. # http://capistranorb.com/documentation/getting-started/configuration/ # Feel free to add new variables to customise your setup. # Custom SSH Options # ================== # You may pass any option but keep in mind that net/ssh understands a # limited set of options, consult the Net::SSH documentation. # http://net-ssh.github.io/net-ssh/classes/Net/SSH.html#method-c-start # # Global options # -------------- set :ssh_options, { keys: %w(/home/deploy/.ssh/id_rsa), port: xxx # forward_agent: false, # auth_methods: %w(password) } # # The server-based syntax can be used to override options: # ------------------------------------ # server "example.com", # user: "user_name", # keys: %w(/home/user_name/.ssh/id_rsa), # forward_agent: false, # auth_methods: %w(publickey password) # # password: "please use keys" # }
最后
本地执行cap production deploy