shell 练习题

1、编写脚本/root/bin/backup.sh，可实现每日将/etc/目录备份到 /root/etcYYYY-mm-dd中

#!/bin/bash
echo "start backup"
sleep 2
date=`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`
cp -av /etc /root/etc$date
echo "backup finish"

2、编写脚本/root/bin/disk.sh,显示当前硬盘分区中空间利用率最大的值

#!/bin/bash
echo "disk use max :`df -h|grep ^/dev/[svm]d |tr -s " " "%"|cut -d% -f5|sort -rn|head -n1`"

3、编写脚本/root/bin/nologin.sh和login.sh,实现禁止和充许普通用户登录系统

login

#!/bin/bash
[ -f "/etc/nologin" ] && rm -rf /etc/nologin && echo "User Can Login" ||echo "User Already Login"

nologin
#!/bin/bash
[ -f "/etc/nologin"  ] && echo "Other User Cannot Login System" ||{ touch /etc/nologin; echo "Other User Cannot Login System"; }

4、查找/var目录下不属于root、lp、gdm的所有文件

find /var -not ( -user root -o -user lp -o -user gdm ) 

5、统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序(用grep和 sed两种方法分别实现)

sed -r "s/[^[:alpha:]]+/
/g" /etc/init.d/functions | sed "/^$/d" |sort|uniq -c

egrep -o "[[:alpha:]]+" /etc/init.d/functions|sort|uniq -c

6、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

ifconfig | sed -n "2p" |sed -r "s/.*inet (.*) netmask.*/1/g"

7、总结yum的配置和使用,包括yum仓库的创建

yum install 安装
yum groupinstall 组安装
yum remove 卸载
yum groupremove 组卸载
yum list 显示所有包
yum clean all 清除缓存
yum makecache 建立缓存

yum仓库目录/etc/yum.repos.d/
[base]
name=base
baseurl=http:// ftp:// file:///
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

8、编写系统初始化脚本reset.sh，包括别名，提示符颜色，yum仓库配置文件, 安装tree,ftp,lftp,telnet等包

#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author:		DreamDZhu
#QQ: 			852749070
#Date: 			2019-01-30
#FileName：		autoInitSystem.sh
#Description：		AutoInitSystem
#********************************************************************
#decide current system os
echo "Start Init System,Please Waiting Some Time~~"
sleep 2
version=`egrep -o "[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release |head -n1`
echo "Current System Version is Centos $version"
echo "Setting Alias...."
sleep 1
cat >>/root/.bashrc<<END
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/'
alias IPOUT='ifconfig | egrep -o "<([[:digit:]]{1,3}.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}>" | head -1'
alias p='poweroff'
alias cl='clear'
`if [ "$version" -eq 7 ];then
	ps1="[e[1;36m][u@h W]$[e[0m]"
elif [ "$version" -eq 6 ];then
	ps1="[e[1;33m][u@h W]$[e[0m]"
else
	ps1="[e[1;35m][u@h W]$[e[0m]"
fi`
PS1=$ps1
END
echo "Alias and PS1 be Ready~"
echo "Start Setting Yum Repository..."
sleep 1
#mount cd rom
mkdir /media/cdrom
mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
#move system Centos repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/bash.repo<<END
[base]
name=Centos "$version"
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=Aliyun
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$version/x86_64
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-$version
END
echo "Yum Repo be Ready~"
echo "Start Install Rpms"
sleep 1
yum cleanall && yum makecache 
yum -y install tree && yum -y install ftp && yum -y install lftp && yum -y install telnet
echo "tree ,ftp,lftp,telnet already Install~"
if [ $version -eq 7 ];then
	systemctl stop firewalld
	systemctl disable firewalld
elif [ $version -eq 6 ];then
	service iptables stop
	chkconfig iptables off
else
	echo "Please Manual Stop Firewall"
echo "Init System Over"

9、在CentOS7上编译安装apache2.4源码包,并启动此服务

./configure --help 可以查看这个程序源码的可改编译选项

解压四个包
tar xvf apr-1.4.5.tar.gz
tar xvf apr-util-1.3.12.tar.bz2
tar xvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.bz2
tar xvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz

先编译apr依赖包
mkdir -p /usr/local/apr
cd /data/apr-1.4.5/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
make -j 2 && make install

再编译apr-util
mkdir -p /usr/local/apr-util
cd apr-util-1.3.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
make -j 2 && make install

编译安装pcre依赖包
mkdir -p /usr/local/pcre
cd /data/pcre-8.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make -j 2 && make install

最后编译安装http
mkdir /app
mkdir /etc/httpd24
./configure --prefix=/app --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util （--disable-proxy）
make -j 4 && install

由于我们安装在app，所以需要手动开启，或者配置PATH
/app/bin/apachectl start

安装时要注意配置文件的路径！！！
编译错误解决
基于Make工具编译软件；

n Make编译报错信息如下：

mod_proxy_balancer.c:25:24: fatal error: apr_escape.h: No such file or directory，#include "apr_escape.h"

`/data/sh/20180330/httpd-2.4.33/modules/proxy'

make[2]: *** [shared-build-recursive] Error 1

解决方法：
l 跳过该错误，后期指定该模块，一般安装不成功，推荐解决该问题；
l 或者编译参数可以去掉该模块，禁止该模块，添加--disable-proxy；
l 更换软件版本，考虑到操作系统和软件兼容性问题；